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801.
在实验室条件下模拟某LNG工程冷排水中的余氯排放,并通过毒理实验研究海洋中余氯对南美白对虾(Penaeusvannamei Boone,1931)幼体的毒理效应。结果表明,南美白对虾幼体在设定的0.00、0.02、0.08、0.14、0.20、0.26 mg/L浓度条件下,存活率分别为100%、100%、88.89%、61.25%、56.25%、20.83%,表现出存活率随着余氯浓度的升高而降低的趋势,得到其拟合趋势线为y=-2.725 7χ~2+3.2307χ+101.24。根据余氯扩散场预测数模,0.01、0.05、0.10 mg/L 3个余氯浓度的最大扩散面积分别为0.248、0.047、0.010 km~2,内插值法求出水体中对应的虾类幼体的致死率分别为0.00%、5.56%、20.32%。结合渔业资源损失评估公式W=D×V×M估算,该LNG工程余氯排放对临近海域幼虾的损失量为0.583×10~3ind.。2010年9月调查数据表明,该海域幼虾的尾数密度为9.17×10~3ind./km~2,远低于2009年同期该海域调查所得虾类幼体的尾数密度125.41×10~3ind./km~2。但根据调查资料,2010年9月该海域调查所得的虾类幼体比(7.76%)远低于2009年9月(69 38%)。由此推测,该海域2010年9月虾类幼体数量显著减少并不是余氯排放引起的。 相似文献
802.
Li Chen Yuming Wang Peiwu Li Yaqin Ji Shaofei Kong Zhiyong Li Zhipeng Bai 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2012,24(7):1251-1258
Advancing the understanding of the spatial aspects of air pollution in the city regional environment is an area where improved methods can be of great benefit to exposure assessment and policy support. We created land use regression (LUR) models for SO2, NO2 and PM10 for Tianjin, China. Traffic volumes, road networks, land use data, population density, meteorological conditions, physical conditions and satellite-derived greenness, brightness and wetness were used for predicting SO2, NO2 and PM10 concentrations. We incorporated data on industrial point sources to improve LUR model performance. In order to consider the impact of different sources, we calculated the PSIndex, LSIndex and area of different land use types (agricultural land, industrial land, commercial land, residential land, green space and water area) within different buffer radii (1 to 20 km). This method makes up for the lack of consideration of source impact based on the LUR model. Remote sensing-derived variables were significantly correlated with gaseous pollutant concentrations such as SO2 and NO2. R2 values of the multiple linear regression equations for SO2, NO2 and PM10 were 0.78, 0.89 and 0.84, respectively, and the RMSE values were 0.32, 0.18 and 0.21, respectively. Model predictions at validation monitoring sites went well with predictions generally within 15% of measured values. Compared to the relationship between dependent variables and simple variables (such as traffic variables or meteorological condition variables), the relationship between dependent variables and integrated variables was more consistent with a linear relationship. Such integration has a discernable influence on both the overall model prediction and health effects assessment on the spatial distribution of air pollution in the city region. 相似文献
803.
通过对大理西湖国家湿地公园所在地洱源县西湖村的种植业、畜禽养殖业、村民生活方式和旅游业的污染现状进行调查和分析,探索西湖村的生产生活与西湖水体污染的关系,比较得出引起西湖富营养化的主要原因是畜禽养殖污染物的流失。针对西湖村水污染源的特点,提出修复和保护西湖环境的措施:改变畜禽养殖方式,解决厩肥随地堆放产生的污染;构建成本低和维护简单的村落污水收集管网和处理系统;建设湿地生态农业和湖滨带乔木-水塘-沟渠生态系统;加强旅游基础设施建设,合理开发旅游资源,以保护促进开发。 相似文献
804.
对"专家判断"法、确定性分析方法、基于风险(Risk-based)的方法和风险指引(Risk-informed)方法等安全距离确定方法的发展运用、分析流程、关键要素、优缺点等进行探讨。建议关注确定性分析方法和风险方法研究。对确定性分析方法,建议加强石油化工企业可信事故场景和伤害标准的研究;对基于风险的方法,建议加大风险指引方法的研究,并制定合理的石油化工企业风险标准,以便采取更加科学合理的方法来制定石油化工企业的安全距离。 相似文献
805.
806.
807.
广西苍梧马尾松林和大叶栎林的火行为比较 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
马尾松(Pinus massoniana)是中国南方大面积造林的树种,也是抗火能力最弱的树种。研究了广西苍梧11龄马尾松用材林和4龄大叶栎萌芽林在正常冬季和干旱夏季情景下的火行为,用behaveplus计算了火线强度、蔓延速度、树冠火可能性等参数。结果表明,两种林分在干旱夏季的火行为高于在正常冬季的火行为。无论是在正常冬季还是在干旱夏季,都没有出现马尾松可燃物模型的火行为一致高于大叶栎可燃物模型的情况;天气、地形、可燃物床结构对可燃物含水率有很大影响,而含水率是火行为的决定因素。虽然大叶栎被划分为难燃树种,大叶栎萌芽林的火行为高于成年大叶栎乔木林,苍梧大叶栎萌芽林在极端干旱的夏季情景有被火把点燃的可能性。如果将大叶栎萌芽林作为防火林带使用,需要经常清除林下枯枝落叶,割除黑莎草,减少细小可燃物。 相似文献
808.
Yulong Wang Zhonghao Bai Libo Cao Matthew P. Reed Kurt Fischer Angelo Adler 《Traffic injury prevention》2015,16(4):S75-S83
Objective: Recent field data analyses have shown that the safety advantages of rear seats relative to the front seats have decreased in newer vehicles. Separately, the risks of certain injuries have been found to be higher for obese occupants. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of advanced belt features on the protection of rear-seat occupants with a range of body mass index (BMI) in frontal crashes.Methods: Whole-body finite element human models with 4 BMI levels (25, 30, 35, and 40 kg/m2) developed previously were used in this study. A total of 52 frontal crash simulations were conducted, including 4 simulations with a standard rear-seat, 3-point belt and 48 simulations with advanced belt features. The parameters varied in the simulations included BMI, load limit, anchor pretensioner, and lap belt routing relative to the pelvis. The injury measurements analyzed in this study included head and hip excursions, normalized chest deflection, and torso angle (defined as the angle between the hip–shoulder line and the vertical direction). Analyses of covariance were used to test the significance (P <.05) of the results.Results: Higher BMI was associated with greater head and hip excursions and larger normalized chest deflection. Higher belt routing increased the hip excursion and torso angle, which indicates a higher submarining risk, whereas the anchor pretensioner reduced hip excursion and torso angle. Lower load limits decreased the normalized chest deflection but increased the head excursion. Normalized chest deflection had a positive correlation with maximum torso angle. Occupants with higher BMI have to use higher load limits to reach head excursions similar to those in lower BMI occupants.Discussion and Conclusion: The simulation results suggest that optimizing load limiter and adding pretensioner(s) can reduce injury risks associated with obesity, but conflicting effects on head and chest injuries were observed. This study demonstrated the feasibility and importance of using human models to investigate protection for occupants with various BMI levels. A seat belt system capable of adapting to occupant size and body shape will improve protection for obese occupants in rear seats. 相似文献
809.
810.
叙述了云南省空气质量监测、数据传输及发布的历史,空气监测子站的现状,及云南省空气联网实时发布数据传输系统的建设情况、进度安排和效益等。 相似文献