生物质转化能源技术的发展现状及趋势探讨

能源短缺问题已成为制约经济社会发展的瓶颈,研究开发新的能源代替传统不可再生能源成为急需要解决的焦点问题。生物质能是由植物的光合作用固定于地球上的太阳能,通过生物质能转换技术可以高效地利用生物质能源,生产各种清洁燃料,替代煤炭、石油和天然气等燃料。对近些年生物质能源技术的发展现状进行了简要讨论,指出了生物质能的利用具有广阔的发展前景,在不久的将来,生物质能源必将成为能源结构中重要一部分,实现能源结构良好可持续发展。     

折点加氯法脱氨氮后余氯的脱除

焦化废水是指用煤制焦炭、煤气净化和焦化产品回收等焦化过程中煤中的吸附水及热反应的生成水冷凝后生成的。废水中含有高浓度的酚、氰、氨氮和多种有机化合物。A／O法处理焦化废水,脱氮效率受湿度等因素影响,变化较大,采用折点加氯法对水中氨氮进一步脱除,可使氨氮浓度降至10mg／L。本文在实验室条件下,根据已获得的氯投加量、pH值、搅拌及反应停留时间等最佳反应条件的基础上,探讨折点加氯法的处理效果,以及最佳的废水处理浓度,并寻求活性炭、焦炭脱除余氯的最佳条件,最终提出适合北方地区焦化废水的系统脱氮方案。     

TiO2对聚偏氟乙烯膜的改性研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2胶体,用涂覆的方法拯TiO2胶体附在聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）膜表面,测试磺化时间,浸泡时间对膜通量的影响,通过改变膜表面的性质,以及对截留率和接触角的测定,找出改性膜的最佳工艺条件。结果表明：从接触角来讲,磺化时间为2小时,浸凝的时间为10分钟时,改性膜的通量最好;改性膜的截留率普遍都高于未改性膜的截留率;改性后膜生物反应器的出水水质更好。为增加膜通量,延长膜寿命,降低膜反应器的成本,降低处理污水的造价提供了一种新的参考方向。     

基于HAZOP的保护层分析技术研究

介绍了“基于HAZOP的保护层分析技术”的工艺安全管理新模式。在此基础上,利用该方法对水煤浆气化装置进行了分析,识别出了装置存在的重大工艺危险,提出对策建议,对整个装置重大工艺安全事故的预防提供了有力的技术支持。     

5·12汶川地震后陇南山区典型滑坡调查分析

本文以甘肃省北峪河流域的三家地滑坡、红土坡滑坡、曾家街滑坡作为主要研究对象,通过对上述三个典型滑坡的野外实地测量,结合对当地民众的走访以及在当地政府部门获取的相关数据,归纳分析得出该地区滑坡灾害的主要诱发因素,及其给人们带来的影响。     

基于GIS的中秦岭地区滑坡灾害易发性研究

本文以中秦岭地区为滑坡易发性评价对象,针对研究区的情况,选取了坡度、起伏度、地貌类型、岩性、土壤侵蚀强度、活动断裂距、地震动参数、地下水类型、多年平均降雨量9个评价因子,建立了研究区滑坡易发性评价的数据库。运用单因子概率比率模型对各因子和滑坡的相关性进行了评价,揭示了该区滑坡灾害类型特点及空间分布规律,明确了中秦岭地区滑坡地质灾害的极高易发、高易发三大聚集地区的位置。     

A land use regression for predicting NO2 and PM10 concentrations in di erent seasons in Tianjin region, China

Land use regression (LUR) model was employed to predict the spatial concentration distribution of NO2 and PM10 in the Tianjin region based on the environmental air quality monitoring data. Four multiple linear regression (MLR) equations were established based on the most significant variables for NO2 in heating season (R2 = 0.74), and non-heating season (R2 = 0.61) in the whole study area; and PM10 in heating season (R2 = 0.72), and non-heating season (R2 = 0.49). Maps of spatial concentration distribution for NO2 and PM10 were obtained based on the MLR equations (resolution is 10 km). Intercepts of MLR equations were 0.050 (NO2, heating season), 0.035 (NO2, non-heating season), 0.068 (PM10, heating season), and 0.092 (PM10, non-heating season) in the whole study area. In the central area of Tianjin region, the intercepts were 0.042 (NO2, heating season), 0.043 (NO2, non-heating season), 0.087 (PM10, heating season), and 0.096 (PM10, non-heating season). These intercept values might imply an area’s background concentrations. Predicted result derived from LUR model in the central area was better than that in the whole study area. R2 values increased 0.09 (heating season) and 0.18 (non-heating season) for NO2, and 0.08 (heating season) and 0.04 (non-heating season) for PM10. In terms of R2, LUR model performed more e ectively in heating season than non-heating season in the study area and gave a better result for NO2 compared with PM10.     

Distributions and sources of n-alkanes in PM2:5 at urban, industrial and coastal sites in Tianjin, China

Aliphatic hydrocarbons (n-alkanes) associated with fine particulate matter were determined in the ambient air of urban, industrial and coastal areas in Tianjin, China, where intensive coal burning for industrial and domestic purpose takes place. n-Alkane homologues from C12 to C35 were quantifiable in all samples with C20–C31 being the most abundant species. Average concentrations of the total n-alkanes were 148.7, 250.1 and 842.0 ng/m3 in July, April and January, respectively. Seasonal variations were mainly attributed to ambient temperature changes and coal combustion for residential heating. Among the three studied areas, the highest levels of n-alkanes were observed in the industrial complex in winter and spring, but in summer the coastal alkane concentration moved up to the highest. A mono-modal distribution for n-alkanes was observed in spring and summer with odd carbon number predominance and a maximum centered at C27–C31, suggesting the release of plant wax into the atmosphere. The bimodal distribution with maxima at C22 and C26 observed in winter indicated a substantial influence of fossil fuel sources. All the CPIs (CPI1, CPI2, CPI3) values, varying between 0.64 and 1.97, indicated the influence of anthropogenic emissions on fine organic aerosols. The estimated contributions of plant wax to total n-alkanes were on average of 12.9%, 19.1% and 26.1% for winter, spring and summer, respectively.     

新农村建设试点村与对照村生态文明意识探析——以山东省为例

文章采用问卷调查法对山东省农村生态文明意识进行了调查,在此基础上对比分析了新农村建设试点村与普通对照村村民的生态文明意识差异。结果表明山东省新农村建设在提高村民的生态文明意识方面有所成效。但两种村都还有进一步提高生态文明意识的余地,对照村需要借鉴试点村所取得的经验成果;试点村仍需要进一步加大宣传教育力度、实施环保意识教育、开展实践体验活动。     

湿地自然保护区生态恢复及其绿色开发探析——以七里海湿地国家级自然保护区为例

七里海湿地是我国国家级自然保护区,世界著名三大古海岸之一。近几十年出现了严重的生态危机,本文借鉴众多湿地保护与开发经验,就七里海湿地生态恢复与绿色开发利用提出了一些可行的措施：依据自然保护区的相关法律法规对其进行切实保护与管理,通过恢复河流生态补水、翻耕苇地、禁捕鸟类等生态修复措施恢复其生态功能,进而发展湿地绿色产业、开展项目建设环评等绿色开发活动发挥其重要的生态、经济和社会价值。