瓜环与苯甲酸和萘的组装及热力学规律

以苯甲酸和萘分别作为腐殖酸的模型物,通过摩尔比率法和等摩尔系列法,采用紫外吸收和荧光分光技术共同研究了瓜环与苯甲酸及萘的功能组装作用.研究表明:Q[7]与萘可发生组装作用,形成1∶1的组装体Ⅰ.Q[6]及Q[8]与苯甲酸也可以发生组装作用,分别形成1∶1及1∶2的组装体Ⅱ和Ⅲ.热力学计算表明,组装体可自发形成,形成过程放热,组装反应的驱动力是焓变,疏水作用力是反应的主要驱动力.红外光谱对组装体进行了表征,结果表明,瓜环与模型物发生了组装作用.荧光光谱表明,瓜环对模型物具有荧光增敏的作用.     

6种苯系物对球等鞭金藻和新月菱形藻的生长抑制

海洋环境中苯系物污染主要来源于海洋溢油事故以及沿海石油化工企业的废水排放。为探究苯系物对海洋微藻的毒性作用,选择球等鞭金藻和新月菱形藻作为受试生物,分别考察了苯、甲苯、乙基苯、邻-二甲苯、间-二甲苯和对-二甲苯6种苯系物对2种海洋微藻生长的影响。结果表明,在0.25~64.0 mg·L-1暴露浓度下,6种苯系物对2种微藻生长具有显著的抑制作用,随着暴露浓度的升高,抑制作用明显增强。苯、甲苯、乙基苯、邻-二甲苯、间-二甲苯、对-二甲苯对球等鞭金藻的24 h的半数效应浓度(24 h-EC50)分别为:17.07、12.88、7.58、0.55、0.36、0.27 mg·L-1;对新月菱形藻的24 h-EC50值分别为:1.03、0.68、0.46、0.40、0.42、0.38 mg·L-1。上述研究结果为确定苯系物海洋环境质量标准、保护海洋生态环境提供了基础数据。     

Seismic vulnerability assessment of water supply network in Tianjin,China

The water supply network （WSN） system is a critical element of civil infrastructure systems. Its complexity of operation and high number of components mean that all parts of the system cannot be simply assessed. Earthquakes are the most serious natural hazard to a WSN, and seismic risk assessment is essential to identify its vulnerability to different stages of damage and ensure the system safety. In this paper, using a WSN located in the airport area of Tianjin in northern China as a case study, a quantitative vulnerability assessment method was used to assess the damage that the water supply pipelines would suffer in an earthquake, and the finite element software ABAQUS and fuzzy mathematic theory were adopted to construct the assessment method. ABAQUS was applied to simulate the seismic damage to pipe segments and components of the WSN. Membership functions based on fuzzy theory were established to calculate the membership of the components in the system. However, to consider the vulnerability of the whole system, fuzzy cluster analysis was used to distinguish the importance of pipe segments and components. Finally, the vulnerability was quantified by these functions. The proposed methodology aims to assess the performance of WSNs based on pipe vulnerabilities that are simulated and calculated by the model and the mathematical method based on data of damage. In this study, a whole seismic vulnerability assessment method for a WSN was built, and these analyses are expected to provide necessary information for a mitigation plan in an earthquake disaster.     

钢桁架-钢筋混凝土管柱结构风致响应试验研究

大跨长悬挑钢-混凝土高柔结构的动力性状决定了其风振系数不能采用我国规范中的方法来计算。制作气弹性模型进行了动力性状、脉动风作用下位移响应、加速度响应、扭转响应、气动力稳定性等问题的相关试验,计算得到了风振系数,分析了风速、风向角、风机、周围建筑物等因素对风振系数的影响,给出了风振系数的建议值。将试验结果与其他方法计算的结果进行了对比分析,结果表明,试验结果偏大,符合风洞试验原理。研究结果为工程设计提供了基础资料,可供同类工程参考。     

气体放电非平衡等离子体化学脱硫脱硝理论基础研究

研究了烟气电离放电脱硫脱硝的非平衡等离子体化学反应过程,采用介质阻挡强电离放电方法产生高电子浓度(＞10     

醛类化合物分子结构与对鼠急性毒性关系

通过检索美国国立职业与卫生研究所化学物质毒性效应登录 ( RTECS) 1998年版光盘系统 ,搜集了 88种醛类化合物对大鼠急性毒性口服 LD₅₀ 数据 ,并利用遗传神经网络建立了醛类化合物分子结构与对大鼠急性毒性关系的 BP神经网络模式 ,模式的交互检验相关系数达 0.83～ 0.87,具有较强的预报能力 .遗传神经网络是由遗传算法和神经网络耦合而成 ,文章详细讨论了遗传神经网络的构造以及利用遗传神经网络建立 QSAR模型的方法 .     

污水源热泵机组性能的研究

利用热泵系统回收城市污水中的热能,既开发了一种清洁能源,同时又降低了城市废热的排放,保护了环境.通过对以水源热泵为中心设备的污水热能回收与利用实验装置冬季供暖工况的实验研究,考察了热泵机组在以污水(模拟)为热源时的工作性能,测得热泵机组性能系数为2.61.     

A novel recycling process of LiFePO4 cathodes for spent lithium-ion batteries by deep eutectic solvents

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - In this study, deep eutectic solvent synthesized by choline chloride (C5H14CINO) and oxalic acid dihydrate (C2H2O4·2H2O) was used to recycling...     

Mineralogical analysis of waste LEDs and the recovery process of valuable components

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - LED lights are widely used in household appliances, automotive lighting, decorative materials, and other fields due to their high energy...     

定量构效关系在环境化学中的应用

本文介绍近十年来国外文献中定量构效关系(QSAR)在环境化学中应用典型实例及作者的五个方面工作,旨在说明QSAR方法确是化学品安全评价的有用工具之一。文中探讨该方法应用的局限性及将来可能的进展。