Distributions and sources of n-alkanes in PM2:5 at urban, industrial and coastal sites in Tianjin, China

Aliphatic hydrocarbons (n-alkanes) associated with fine particulate matter were determined in the ambient air of urban, industrial and coastal areas in Tianjin, China, where intensive coal burning for industrial and domestic purpose takes place. n-Alkane homologues from C12 to C35 were quantifiable in all samples with C20–C31 being the most abundant species. Average concentrations of the total n-alkanes were 148.7, 250.1 and 842.0 ng/m3 in July, April and January, respectively. Seasonal variations were mainly attributed to ambient temperature changes and coal combustion for residential heating. Among the three studied areas, the highest levels of n-alkanes were observed in the industrial complex in winter and spring, but in summer the coastal alkane concentration moved up to the highest. A mono-modal distribution for n-alkanes was observed in spring and summer with odd carbon number predominance and a maximum centered at C27–C31, suggesting the release of plant wax into the atmosphere. The bimodal distribution with maxima at C22 and C26 observed in winter indicated a substantial influence of fossil fuel sources. All the CPIs (CPI1, CPI2, CPI3) values, varying between 0.64 and 1.97, indicated the influence of anthropogenic emissions on fine organic aerosols. The estimated contributions of plant wax to total n-alkanes were on average of 12.9%, 19.1% and 26.1% for winter, spring and summer, respectively.     

新农村建设试点村与对照村生态文明意识探析——以山东省为例

文章采用问卷调查法对山东省农村生态文明意识进行了调查,在此基础上对比分析了新农村建设试点村与普通对照村村民的生态文明意识差异。结果表明山东省新农村建设在提高村民的生态文明意识方面有所成效。但两种村都还有进一步提高生态文明意识的余地,对照村需要借鉴试点村所取得的经验成果;试点村仍需要进一步加大宣传教育力度、实施环保意识教育、开展实践体验活动。     

湿地自然保护区生态恢复及其绿色开发探析——以七里海湿地国家级自然保护区为例

七里海湿地是我国国家级自然保护区,世界著名三大古海岸之一。近几十年出现了严重的生态危机,本文借鉴众多湿地保护与开发经验,就七里海湿地生态恢复与绿色开发利用提出了一些可行的措施：依据自然保护区的相关法律法规对其进行切实保护与管理,通过恢复河流生态补水、翻耕苇地、禁捕鸟类等生态修复措施恢复其生态功能,进而发展湿地绿色产业、开展项目建设环评等绿色开发活动发挥其重要的生态、经济和社会价值。     

磨盘山水库周边化肥农药污染状况调查

通过对磨盘山水库周边化肥、农药污染状况的调查和监测得出,每年施用化肥将加快水库的富营养化进程,必须预防其潜在危害。     

Inhibition mechanism of fermentation broth extract of Phomopsis sp. Strain S4 on cell membranes of Magnaporthe oryzae北大核心CSCD

The secondary metabolites of endophytic Phomopsis sp. strain S4 show antifungal activity against a variety of plant pathogens, which implies that strain S4 has potential prospect in crop disease control. The aim of this study was to explore the inhibition mechanisms of S4 against plant pathogenic fungi. Magnaporthe oryzae was used as the main pathogenic material for the research. Cell membrane changes were detected using antifungal experiments, scanning electron microscopy, Q RT-PCR, and cell content leaking experiments. The results of scanning electron microscopy showed that M. oryzae mycelia, after treatment with S4 fermented product extract, decreased in size, suggesting the integrity of the cell membrane was destroyed. The genes related to ergosterol synthesis, which plays an important role in membrane integrity, were studied though Q RT-PCR. The results showed that the expression levels of ERG1, ERG11, and ERG6 genes were down-regulated by 2.0, 1.40, and 2.7-fold, respectively, whereas that of ERG7 was up-regulated by 1.38-fold, which means the ergosterol synthesis pathway was destroyed. The physiological experiments also showed that the cell contents of M. oryzae mycelia treated with S4 fermented product extract leaked significantly, which was consistent with the Q RT-PCR results. The results showed that S4 fermentation broth exact could destroy the cell membrane integrity by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis, and eventually inhibit M. oryzae cell growth. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

农田土壤中汞的吸附分配行为研究

汞是环境中毒性最强的重金属之一,由于具有持久性、长距离迁移性和生物累积性被列为全球性污染物。土壤是汞重要的源和汇,在汞的生物地球化学循环中发挥关键作用,其理化性质可以显著影响汞的吸附分配行为。本文基于采自全国各地的131份农业土壤样品考察了汞(Hg2+)在土壤中的吸附分配行为,测定了Hg2+的固液分配系数(Kd),并探讨其与p H、有机质(OM)、粒度组成、溶解性有机质(DOM)和总硫等土壤理化性质的关系。利用逐步多元线性回归的方法分析发现旱地土壤对汞Kd的主要影响因素是DOM和土壤粒度,而水田的主要影响因素是总硫。通过淹水实验,进一步探究了土壤氧化还原对Hg2+分配的影响。研究发现,旱地土壤中,大部分土壤在淹水30 d后Kd呈明显增大趋势,继续淹水至60 d的Kd表现为稳定或下降的趋势;大部分水田土壤在淹水条件下Kd未表现出增大的趋势,且随淹水时间呈稳定或下降的趋势。     

打印机墨粉燃烧特性的热分析

通过扫描电镜(SEM)和傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)分别对墨粉的表面特征和成分进行分析,并对试样在不同升温速率下燃烧热失重行为进行了实验研究。分析研究表明,墨粉一旦达到着火点燃烧剧烈,燃烧过程处在动力区的时间较短,化学动力反应区在500℃以下。墨粉有不同升温速率下的燃烧特性,计算出燃烧反应动力学参数,为墨粉干法回收工艺过程燃烧防爆提供了较为可靠的基础数据。     

醛类化合物分子结构与对鼠急性毒性关系

通过检索美国国立职业与卫生研究所化学物质毒性效应登录 ( RTECS) 1998年版光盘系统 ,搜集了 88种醛类化合物对大鼠急性毒性口服 LD₅₀ 数据 ,并利用遗传神经网络建立了醛类化合物分子结构与对大鼠急性毒性关系的 BP神经网络模式 ,模式的交互检验相关系数达 0.83～ 0.87,具有较强的预报能力 .遗传神经网络是由遗传算法和神经网络耦合而成 ,文章详细讨论了遗传神经网络的构造以及利用遗传神经网络建立 QSAR模型的方法 .     

气体放电非平衡等离子体化学脱硫脱硝理论基础研究

研究了烟气电离放电脱硫脱硝的非平衡等离子体化学反应过程,采用介质阻挡强电离放电方法产生高电子浓度(＞10     

Distribution of aromatic amines,phenols, chlorobenzenes,and naphthalenes in the surface sediment of the Dianchi Lake,China

• The total organic pollutant concentrations in sediment were 27.4-1620 ng/g. • The phenol concentrations were relatively high in the sediment of the Dianchi Lake. • Average total concentrations decreased as follows: Caohai>Waihai>Haigeng Dam. • 1,4-dichlorobenzene, 3- or 4-methylphenol, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene might be risks. Organic pollutants are widespread environmental pollutants with high toxicity, persistence, and bioaccumulation. Our aim was to investigate the distribution of aromatic amines, phenols, chlorobenzenes, and naphthalenes in the surface sediment of the Dianchi Lake, China. Nineteen surface sediment samples were collected from the Dianchi Lake, and 40 types of organic pollutants were analyzed via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The total organic pollutant concentrations in the surface sediment of the Dianchi Lake varied from 27.4 to 1.62 × 10³ ng/g. The concentrations of phenols were much higher than those in other water bodies but still within a controllable range, whereas the concentrations of the other organic pollutant classes were similar or even lower. The detection ratio of 3- or 4-methylphenol was the highest (100.00%) among the pollutants. The average total organic pollutant concentrations decreased in the following order: Caohai (540 ng/g)>the middle of Waihai (488 ng/g)>the edge of Waihai (351 ng/g)>Haigeng Dam (90.4 ng/g). Pearson analysis showed a strong correlation among 1-methylnaphthalene, 2-methylnaphthalene, 1,3-dinitronaphthalene, and 1,4-dinitronaphthalene (p<0.01). Caohai, the north lakeshore of Waihai and the south of Waihai showed higher risk because of high concentration; meanwhile, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, 3- or 4-methylphenol and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene were more likely to cause risks.