Renewable Resource-Based Composites of Acorn Powder and Polylactide Bio-Plastic: Preparation and Properties Evaluation

Renewable resource-based composites were prepared with acorn powder and Thermoplastic resin poly(lactic acid) (PLA) by twin-screw extrusion followed by injection molding processing or hot-compression molding processing. The study of the composites microstructure showed poor adhesion between acorn powder and PLA matrix. The hygroscopicity, mechanical properties and melt flow property of composites were promising even though the composites had a 70 wt% content of acorn powder. Silane coupling agent, 4,4′-Methylenebis (phenyl isocyanate) and PLA grafted with maleic anhydride did not show obvious effect on mechanical properties of composites. The impact resistance strength of reinforced composites with steel fiber webs were improved greatly in comparison with those having no steel fiber webs. Thermal properties results of DSC and DMA showed that the presence of acorn powder significantly affected the crystallinity, crystallization temperature (T_c), glass transition temperature (T_g) and melting temperature (T_m) of PLA matrix. The study results proved that composites had superior mechanical properties, enough to partially replace the conventional thermoplastic plastics.     

Derivation of aquatic predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) for 2,4-dichlorophenol: comparing native species data with non-native species data

2,4-Dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) is known as an important chemical intermediate and an environmental endocrine disruptor. There is no paper dealing with the predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) of 2,4-DCP, mainly due to shortage of chronic and site-specific toxicity data. In the present study, toxicity data was obtained from the tests using six Chinese native aquatic species. The HC₅ (hazardous concentration for 5% of species) was derived based on the constructed species sensitivity distribution (SSD), which was compared with that derived from literature toxicity data of non-native species. For invertebrates, the survival no-observed effect concentrations (NOECs) were 0.05 and 1.00 mg L⁻¹ for Macrobrachium superbum and Corbicula fluminea, respectively. NOECs based on fishes’ growth were 0.10, 0.20 and 0.40 mg L⁻¹ for Mylopharyngodon piceus, Plagiognathops microlepis and Erythroculter ilishaeformis, respectively. For aquatic plant Soirodela polyrhiza, NOEC based on concentration of chlorophyll was 1.00 mg L⁻¹. A final PNEC calculated using the SSD approach with a 50% certainty based on different taxa ranged between 0.008 and 0.045 mg L⁻¹. There is no significant difference between HC₅ derived from native and that from non-native taxa.     

“限塑令”政策实施效应与对策研究

分析了"限塑令"的政策安排、实施效果,以及"限塑令"的实行对塑料袋生产、销售、使用相关各方的影响,讨论了政策执行中存在的政策实施目的偏差、缺乏配套政策、回收利用产业发展缓慢、垃圾袋和替代品不环保等问题,提出了保证"限塑令"政策有效实施的对策建议,即应依照少用、回收、替代、降解的原则对待塑料袋的使用。     

环渤海地区海洋产业结构优化分析

以环渤海地区为研究区域,以2001—2005年该地区的海洋水产、海洋油气、海盐、海洋化工、海洋生物医药、电力海水、造船、海洋工程建筑、海洋交通运输、海洋旅游和其他海洋产业等11个产业部门产值为指标,通过结构多样化指数、偏离份额分析和区位熵指数对环渤海地区海洋产业结构的综合化、产业结构的结构效益、产业的比较优势等方面进行了分析评价。     

国内外危害性生物废弃物管理体系

介绍了危害性生物废弃物的定义和主要来源。研究表明:对于危害性生物废弃物,目前国际上尚未出现单一健全系统的管理体系;美国的管理体系暂时处于世界领先水平,欧盟、日本、韩国和中国的管理体系均存在相当程度的不足。     

环境科学数字图书馆信息资源建设中的著作权问题

针对数字图书馆信息资源建设中面临的著作权问题,依照著作权法等相关法律,分析了环境科学数字图书馆建设中涉及到的实体馆藏文献数字化、虚拟馆藏等著作权问题,并提出了完善相关法律、加强著作权集体管理体制、建立图书馆版权联盟等对策与措施。     

十六烷基三甲基溴化铵对重油在海洋沉积物上吸附的影响

研究了阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)对重油在海洋沉积物上吸附的影响。结果表明,在CTAB初始质量浓度为0～20mg/L时,海洋沉积物对重油的吸附动力学过程符合伪二级吸附动力学方程,伪二级吸附速率常数随CTAB初始浓度增加、温度的升高而增大;吸附等温线符合Freundlich方程。随着CTAB初始浓度和盐度的增加、温度的降低,重油在海洋沉积物上的吸附量增大。标准吸附焓变(ΔH0)、标准吉布斯自由能变(ΔG0)、标准吸附熵变(ΔS0)的计算结果表明,重油在海洋沉积物上的吸附为物理吸附,是一个自发、放热、熵减小的过程。     

裸土风蚀型开放源起尘对城市空气颗粒物的影响评估

多个城市的空气颗粒物源解析结果表明,开放源是北方城市空气颗粒物的最主要贡献者,是影响空气颗粒物达标的重要源类,其中裸土风蚀尘是空气颗粒物最主要来源。以天津市为例,利用箱模型和源解析模型测算了天津市裸土风蚀型开放源的起尘量及其对城市空气颗粒物的贡献值。计算结果表明,裸土风蚀型开放源总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)的起尘量为13.18×104t/a,平均贡献值为103.53μg/m3,PM10的起尘量为5.28×104t/a,平均贡献值为41.45μg/m3。表明裸土风蚀的起尘量对环境空气质量的影响绝不能低估,应该重视裸土风蚀型开放源的污染控制。     

渤海海面冰情变化趋势预测

渤海地处中国北方,是我国唯一出现海冰的海域。海冰影响着航运以及海上油气的开发和生产。渤海海面冰情的发展和生消,与大尺度环流形势和海区气象水文条件密切相关。以环渤海地区的气候特征为背景,分析冷暖空气活动的特点,做出气温变化的预测,进而推测海面冰情的发展趋势。分析了1990—1999年冬季渤海周边10个气象台站的气温资料,挑出有明显降温的个例,并将当时的500hPa的高度场形势归为：远槽型、近槽型、低压型、横槽型、锋区型和槽后型共6种类型。不同的天气类型反映冷空气活动的不同路径。根据天气分型,选择500hPa和850hPa天气图中反映冷空气活动和描述冷暖气团状态的气象要素作为方程因子,如高空冷暖平流强度、冷气团强度、锋区强度、冷空气引起的降温幅度以及偏』匕风速等,建立10个气象台站的24,48和72h变温预报方程。方程平均拟合率在60％以上。将预测的变温对冰情的影响分成6个等级。验证结果表明,预报方程式能够预报出渤海海面冰情变化趋势,与海冰遥感监测结果一致。