试论移民对生态环境与社会经济环境的影响--以湖南省涔天河水库扩建工程为例

库区移民会对当地森林植被、野生动物、水土流失、水体污染和城镇环境、农村聚落环境等造成影响。为此，必须从制订环保规划、保护森林资源、防止水土失流，解决移民粮食问题等方面采取对策。     

宁南黄土高原不同土地利用模式对土壤的影响研究

宁南黄土高原采取退耕、还林、还草措施5年后,区域局部生态环境发生了较大变化。文章针对退耕后的典型土地利用方式,阐述了自然撂荒坡地、柠条(CaraganakorshinskiiKom.)灌木林地、坡耕地产生的土壤水热、养分效应,其结果对减少宁南黄土高原土壤养分流失、提高土地生产力和合理农业布局具有重要的意义。利用径流小区试验方法,研究结果表明:不同土地利用方式下土壤储水量的变化为单峰型,与雨量峰值相比,对应储水量略有滞后现象。土壤储水量整体表现为农耕地>自然荒坡>柠条林地。受植被类型影响,坡面土层温度为荒坡草地>柠条林地>农地。随坡度增加,自然荒坡土壤有机质有降低的趋势,相同坡度下(25°)自然荒坡土壤有机质平均为12.76g/kg,是农耕地、柠条林地的1.2倍和1.94倍。在3种土地利用方式下,全磷含量没有明显差异,坡耕地土壤速效磷、速效钾含量较高,柠条林地和自然荒坡速效磷、速效钾含量没有明显差异。不同土地利用方式下,Ca-P(钙结合态的磷酸盐)占无机磷总量的比例,达29.6%～59.07%,O-P(闭蓄态磷酸盐)最少,仅占4.73%～22.45%。土壤过氧化氢酶、与土壤全氮、有机质、碱解氮呈显著正相关。     

秦皇岛港建设绿色企业文化探析

建设绿色企业文化是秦皇岛港实现绿色发展的前提,对港口的发展有深远的意义和重要作用.秦皇岛港应从强化领导意识、提高职工素质、完善绿色制度体系、构建绿色企业形象等方面入手建设港口绿色企业文化.     

Adsorption-desorption characteristics of mercury in paddy soils of China

Mercury (Hg) has received considerable attention because of its association with various human health problems. Adsorption-desorption behavior of Hg at contaminated levels in two paddy soils was investigated. The two representative soils for rice production in China, locally referred to as a yellowish red soil (YRS) and silty loam soil (SLS) and classified as Gleyi-Stagnic Anthrosols in FAO/UNESCO nomenclature, were respectively collected from Jiaxin County and Xiasha District of Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province. The YRS adsorbed more Hg(2+) than the SLS. The characteristics of Hg adsorption could be described by the simple Langmuir adsorption equation (r2 = 0.999 and 0.999, P < 0.01, respectively, for the SLS and YRS). The maximum adsorption values (Xm) that were obtained from the simple Langmuir model were 111 and 213 mg Hg(2+) kg(-1) soil, respectively, for the SLS and YRS. Adsorption of Hg(2+) decreased soil pH by 0.75 unit for the SLS soil and 0.91 unit for the YRS soil at the highest loading. The distribution coefficient (kd) of Hg in the soil decreased exponentially with increasing Hg(2+) loading. After five successive desorptions with 0.01 mol L(-1) KCl solution (pH 5.4), 0 to 24.4% of the total adsorbed Hg(2+) in the SLS soil was desorbed and the corresponding value of the YRS soil was 0 to 14.4%, indicating that the SLS soil had a lower affinity for Hg(2+) than the YRS soil at the same Hg(2+) loading. Different mechanisms are likely involved in Hg(2+) adsorption-desorption at different levels of Hg(2+) loading and between the two soils.     

图书馆书库清点方法初探

图书馆藏书大多存在实物与财产登记不符的状况,如情况较为严重则会影响到图书馆流通、采访等项工作的开展,因此适时进行书库清点具有重要意义。本文以中国环境管理干部学院图书馆的清点为实例,初步探讨了将条码作为清点切入点的书库清点工作的方法、步骤和注意事项。     

袋式除尘器用电磁脉冲阀流量系数的试验研究

本文对袋式除尘器用电磁脉冲阀的流量系数进行了试验研究,分析结果对电磁脉冲阀的生产及使用具有指导意义.     

油气勘探开发建设项目环境影响评价管理探讨

油气勘探开发建设项目存在滚动开发的特点,在近年来的环境影响评价管理实践中引发较多矛盾。文章分析了目前油气勘探开发建设项目环评管理中存在的环评要求不清晰、分类管理需细化、审查尺度不统一等问题,并从界定建设项目类型、明确环评开展时间和要求、明确环评文件编制类型、界定项目重大变更四个方面提出了改进油气项目环评管理的建议。     

Interaction between BSM-contaminated soils and Italian ryegrass

The interaction among the bensulfuron-methyl, growth of Italian ryegrass, and soil chemical/biochemical/microbiological parameters was investigated in a microcosm experiment. The bensulfuron-methyl added to the soil can be rapidly degraded by certain fungi and actinomycetes present in the original paddy rice soil. The growth of Italian ryegrass significantly accelerated the in-soil degradation of bensulfuron-methyl in its rhizosphere. The uptake of bensulfuron-methyl by ryegrass increased with increasing dosage level of bensulfuron-methyl. However, the phytoextraction of bensulfuron-methyl by ryegrass contributed insignificantly to the total removal of the soil bensulfuron-methyl. Within the dosage range set in this study, the root development of ryegrass was not adversely affected by the presence of the soil bensulfuron-methyl although the fresh biomass of shoot was slightly reduced in the higher dosage treatments. This can be attributed to the adsorption of the added bensulfuron-methyl by soil colloids and consequently the reduction of bensulfuron-methyl level in the soil pore water to a concentration sufficiently lower than the toxic level. The growth of ryegrass significantly increased soil pH and the activities of phosphatase and peroxidase but reduced the EC and the activities of urease in the rhizospheric soil.     

Speciation distribution and mass balance of copper and zinc in urban rain, sediments, and road runoff

Heavy metal pollution in road runoff had caused widespread concern since the last century. However, there are little references on metal speciation in multiple environmental media (e.g., rain, road sediments, and road runoff). Our research targeted the investigation of metal speciation in rain, road sediments, and runoff; the analysis of speciation variation and mass balance of metals among rain, road sediments, and runoff; the selection of main factors by principal component analysis (PCA); and the establishment of equation to evaluate the impact of rain and road sediments to metals in road runoff. Sequential extraction procedure contains five steps for the chemical fractionation of metals. Flame atomic absorption spectrometry (Shimadzu, AA-6800) was used to determine metal speciation concentration, as well as the total and dissolved fractions. The dissolved fractions for both Cu and Zn were dominant in rain. The speciation distribution of Zn was different from that of Cu in road sediments, while speciation distribution of Zn is similar to that of Cu in runoff. The bound to carbonates for both Cu and Zn in road sediments were prone to be dissolved by rain. The levels of Cu and Zn in runoff were not obviously influenced by rain, but significantly influenced by road sediments. The masses for both Cu and Zn among rain, road sediments, and road runoff approximately meet the mass balance equation for all rainfall patterns. Five principal factors were selected for metal regression equation based on PCA, including rainfall, average rainfall intensity, antecedent dry periods, total suspended particles, and temperature. The established regression equations could be used to predict the effect of road runoff on receiving environments.     

超声辐射浸渍法制备Fe-Ni-Mn/Al_2O_3催化剂及性能研究

以Al2O3为载体,分别采用超声辐射浸渍法和普通浸渍方法制备Fe-Ni-Mn/Al2O3催化剂。采用BET、XRD和SEM对催化剂的理化性质和孔结构进行了分析,以模拟酸性绿B废水为研究对象考察催化剂的催化性能。实验结果表明,浸渍溶液pH值和焙烧温度显著影响催化剂的性能。与普通浸渍法相比,超声浸渍法制备的Fe-Ni-Mn/Al2O3催化剂对酸性绿B脱色反应表现出较高的催化活性。