温榆河底栖大型无脊椎动物与水质评价

2006年10月对北京市温榆河12个采样点底栖大型无脊椎动物调查,并设立十三陵水库为对照点.结果表明,温榆河底栖大型无脊椎动物有三大类组成:水栖寡毛类、水生昆虫幼虫和软体动物等13种,水栖寡毛类中的颤蚓科种类和水生昆虫中的羽摇蚊幼虫为优势种,这些均为耐污种类,耐污染指数都在5以上,平均耐污值为8.底栖动物数量也很高,说明温榆河水体受有机污粢较为严重.通过1HB指数评价结果,认为对照点水质为一般水体,温榆河为污染水体到严重污染水体.     

舟山群岛海域资源开发利用研究

舟山群岛是我国第一大群岛,自然资源丰富,区位条件优越。本文分析了舟山海域资源特征、优势及资源开发利用的限制因素,对岛屿资源、海洋资源、港口航道等优势资源的开发利用提出了科学与合理的建议,以提高舟山市社会、经济和生态三大效益,促进海岛区域的持续发展。     

积极推行清洁生产技术

叙述了清洁生产技术的产生、发展及推广应用的必然趋势、侧重末端治理是不能从根本上解决工业污染问题．积极推行清洁生产技术、控制污染物的产生与排放已成为当今世界环保的潮流．     

洪水灾情评价的脉冲耦合神经网络模型

洪水灾情的评价工作对洪水灾害的分类管理具有重要的指导意义。脉冲耦合神经网络模型应用到洪水灾情评价中是一次新尝试,该方法通过脉冲输出从而调节阈值,并且应用动态阈值来确定洪水灾情的等级。这个方法比传统的BP模型简化了权值的训练,模型更加简便、直观。采用脉冲耦合神经网络模型得出的评价结果同灰色关联法、灰色聚类法、灰色模糊综合法的评价结果进行了比较,表明其用于洪水损失评价具有科学性和实用性。     

石油化工企业消防站设置的有关问题浅析

GB50160-2008<石油化工企业设计防火规范>已经颁布实施,其中对石油化工企业消防站部分的有关内容进行了修编,但仍有一些内容难以操作,通过对有关问题的调查分析,探讨解决问题的方法.     

硝基多环芳烃的致突变活性-结构关系研究进展

硝基多环芳烃是一类重要的具有直接致突变性的环境污染物。本文就硝基多环芳烃的致突变性、结构与致突变活性之间的关系方面的研究进展加以综合评述。     

Activated carbon adsorption of quinolone antibiotics in water: Performance, mechanism, and modeling

The extensive use of antibiotics has led to their presence in the aquatic environment, and introduces potential impacts on human and ecological health. The capability of powdered activated carbon(PAC) to remove six frequently used quinolone(QN) antibiotics during water treatment was evaluated to improve drinking water safety. The kinetics of QN adsorption by PAC was best described by a pseudo second-order equation, and the adsorption capacity was well described by the Freundlich isotherm equation. Isotherms measured at different p H showed that hydrophobic interaction, electrostatic interaction,and π–π dispersion force were the main mechanisms for adsorption of QNs by PAC. A p H-dependent isotherm model based on the Freundlich equation was developed to predict the adsorption capacity of QNs by PAC at different p H values. This model had excellent prediction capabilities under different laboratory scenarios. Small relative standard derivations(RSDs), i.e., 0.59%–0.92% for ciprofloxacin and 0.09%–3.89% for enrofloxacin,were observed for equilibrium concentrations above the 0.3 mg/L level. The RSDs increased to 11.9% for ciprofloxacin and 32.1% for enrofloxacin at μg/L equilibrium levels, which is still acceptable. This model could be applied to predict the adsorption of other chemicals having different ionized forms.     

城市污水处理厂不同工艺段中有机氯农药残留

建立了基于HLB固相萃取柱和气相色谱 /电子捕获 (GC/ECD)分析城市污水中有机氯农药的分析方法 ,同时分析了北京市高碑店和北小河两个污水处理厂中 4个不同工艺段水体中有机氯农药的浓度。在两个污水处理厂的水体中共检出了 6种有机氯类农药 ,分别是α 六六六、β 六六六、γ 六六六、δ 六六六、艾氏剂和 4 ,4’ 滴滴滴 ,浓度在 1 89—6 9 6ng/L之间。结果表明 ,曝气活性污泥法对六六六类有机氯农药的去除效果较好。     

Modeling and source apportionment of diesel particulate matter

The fine and ultra fine sizes of diesel particulate matter (DPM) are of greatest health concern. The composition of these primary and secondary fine and ultra fine particles is principally elemental carbon (EC) with adsorbed organic compounds, sulfate, nitrate, ammonia, metals, and other trace elements. The purpose of this study was to use an advanced air quality modeling technique to predict and analyze the emissions and the primary and secondary aerosols concentrations that come from diesel-fueled sources (DFS). The National Emissions Inventory for 1999 and a severe southeast ozone episode that occurred between August and September 1999 were used as reference. Five urban areas and one rural area in the Southeastern US were selected to compare the main results. For urban emissions, results showed that DFS contributed (77.9%+/-8.0) of EC, (16.8%+/-8.2) of organic aerosols, (14.3%+/-6.2) of nitrate, and (8.3%+/-6.6) of sulfate during the selected episodes. For the rural site, these contributions were lower. The highest DFS contribution on EC emissions was allocated in Memphis, due mainly to diesel non-road sources (60.9%). For ambient concentrations, DFS contributed (69.5%+/-6.5) of EC and (10.8%+/-2.4) of primary anthropogenic organic aerosols, where the highest DFS contributions on EC were allocated in Nashville and Memphis on that episode. The DFS contributed (8.3%+/-1.2) of the total ambient PM(2.5) at the analyzed sites. The maximum primary DPM concentration occurred in Atlanta (1.44 microg/m(3)), which was 3.8 times higher than that from the rural site. Non-linearity issues were encountered and recommendations were made for further research. The results indicated significant geographic variability in the EC contribution from DFS, and the main DPM sources in the Southeastern U.S. were the non-road DFS. The results of this work will be helpful in addressing policy issues targeted at designing control strategies on DFS in the Southeastern U.S.     

短链氯化石蜡研究现状

作为一种潜在的持久性有机污染物,短链氯化石蜡(Short chain chlorinated paraffins,SCCPs)近年来正在接受斯德哥尔摩公约的审查。它具有持久性、生物富集性,长距离迁移、高毒性等特点,可能会对生态环境和人体健康造成威胁,目前许多国家已经对SCCPs推出了禁令。中国生产的氯化石蜡(CPs)由于没有相关产品标准的限制,其成份多少都会含有一定SCCPs,中国每年都会消费大量的CPs,在消耗的同时会产生较大的排放量,这些排放所造成的潜在环境污染风险是不可估量的。本文通过查阅相关文献,对短链氯化石蜡研究现状进行了整理。