环境标志计划与中国循环经济探讨

经济发展模式的优劣直接影响着社会发展形态的性质和方向。循环经济发展模式是实现低资源能源消耗、高经济效益、低污染排放,既生态经济。环境标志计划以生命周期评价为理论基础,对产品的环境行为进行控制,推动循环经济发展,环境标志计划是推动循环经济发展的动力。     

我国电子废弃物的管理及发展道路研究

我国电子废弃物的处理处置正向产业化方向稳步推进。本文概括了电子废弃物的特点,以及我国目前处理电子废弃物的现状。遵照循环经济理念,并基于我国国情,提出了我国在电子废弃物处理处置过程中应遵循的主要原则和今后的发展方向。     

城市餐厨垃圾处置闭路循环体系的构建探讨--以上海市为例

随着我国城市社会经济的发展,城市餐厨垃圾的产生量持续增长,其安全回收和处置日益引起公众和社会的关注。以上海市为例,分析了上海城市餐厨垃圾产生以及回收处置的现状,探讨了城市餐厨垃圾处置闭路循环体系的建立,为国内其他城市餐厨垃圾的管理提供参考。     

生物材料治理镉污染研究进展

近年来,生物材料以其经济、有效和无二次污染等特点,在重金属废水处理和土壤修复方面显示出了众多的优势·可替代传统的镉污染处理方法.综述了目前国内外生物材料在处理镉污染方面的研究进展,并对今后应用生物材料治理镉污染提出了一些建议.     

Selective extraction and separation of Fe, Mn oxides and organic materials in river surficial sediments

In order to investigate the adsorption mechanism of trace metals to surficial sediments （SSs）, a selective extraction procedure was improved in the present work. The selective extraction procedure has been proved to selectively remove and separate Fe, Mn oxides and organic materials （OMs） in the non-residual fraction from the SSs collected in Songhua River, China. After screening different kinds of conventional extractants of Fe and Mn oxides and OMs used for separation of heavy metals in the soils and sediments, NH2OH .HCl （0.1 mol/L） ＋ HNO3 （0.1 mol/L）, （NH4）2C2O4 （0.2 mol/L） ＋ H2C2O4 （pH 3.0）, and 30% of H2O2 were respectively applied to selectively extract Mn oxides, Fe/Mn oxides and OMs. After the extraction treatments, the target components were removed with extraction efficiencies between 86.09%--3.36% for the hydroxylamine hydrochloride treatment, 80.63%- 101.09% for the oxalate solution extraction, and 94.76%-102.83% for the hydrogen peroxide digestion, respectively. The results indicate that this selective extraction technology was effective for the extraction and separation ofFe, Mn oxides and OMs in the SSs, and important for further mechanism study of trace metal adsorption onto SSs.     

NH3-N在大连湾的水环境行为模拟研究

应用三维水质模型对大连湾中的主要污染物NH3-N的行为进行了模拟,对NH3-N浓度的时空变化规律以及其影响因素进行了研究,选择主要的模型参数进行了灵敏度分析。由空间分布的模拟结果可知,在大连湾,NH3-N浓度主要集中在排污口附近区域,灵敏度分析显示,在排污口区水体的扩散能力对NH3-N浓度的影响较大。由季节变化模拟结果可知,在湾顶部的排污口区NH3-N浓度显示明显的季节变化趋势。在湾中部和朝海边界的湾口区NH3-N浓度较低,变化平缓。模拟结果可以为大连湾的污染控制、水质规划和管理提供科学依据。     

藻类在大连湾的水环境行为数值模拟研究

应用三维水质模型对大连湾水体中的藻类碳浓度的时空变化规律以及其影响因素进行了研究,选择主要的模型参数进行了灵敏度分析。由空间分布的模拟结果可知,在大连湾,藻类主要集中在排污口附近区域。由季节变化模拟结果可知,在湾顶部的排污口区藻类生产显示明显的季节变化趋势,在夏季,主要受到磷酸盐浓度的限制。灵敏度分析显示,在排污口区水体的扩散能力对藻类生产的影响较大,在湾中部和湾口区主要受到磷酸盐负荷的影响。模拟结果可以为大连湾的污染控制、水质规划和管理提供科学依据。     

N和P对锥状斯氏藻(Scrippsiellat trochoidea)生长及孢囊形成的影响

在实验室设置了5个N、P浓度梯度,研究了它们对锥状斯氏藻（Scrippsiella trochoidea）营养细胞生长和孢囊形成的综合效应。结果表明,当N、P浓度分别超过10和1．5μg／L时,就能维持锥状斯氏藻一定的种群数量,而在高N、P浓度组（N浓度为500μg／L,P浓度为74μg／L组）的生长势态明显优于其他浓度组,稳定生长期持续时间较长,且有着较高的细胞比生长速率。孢囊一般在营养细胞达到稳定生长期后开始形成,但低营养盐浓度组孢囊开始形成的时间较早。各试验组孢囊形成率相近,最终形成率为17．8％～35．6％。     

白炽灯灯丝残骸微观形貌分析

本文模拟火灾中不同情况,制备普通白炽灯破坏的灯丝残骸,利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析灯丝残骸的微观形貌,研究灯丝在不同情况下破坏的特征。发现通电状态下破坏的灯丝氧化严重,与未通电状态的灯丝具有明显的区别。即使经历了高温或火焰灼烧作用后,微观形貌特征仍具有明显的差别。根据这种微观特征可以判断火场中白炽灯的通电状态。     

Alteration of dominant cyanobacteria in different bloom periods caused by abiotic factors and species interactions

Freshwater cyanobacterial blooms have drawn public attention because they threaten the safety of water resources and human health worldwide. Heavy cyanobacterial blooms outbreak in Lake Taihu in summer annually and vanish in other months. To find out the factors impacting the cyanobacterial blooms, the present study measured the physicochemical parameters of water and investigated the composition of microbial community using the 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer amplicon sequencing in the months with or without bloom. The most interesting finding is that two major cyanobacteria, Planktothrix and Microcystis, dramatically alternated during a cyanobacterial bloom in 2016, which is less mentioned in previous studies. When the temperature of the water began increasing in July, Planktothrix appeared first and showed as a superior competitor for M. aeruginosa in NO₃^?-rich conditions. Microcystis became the dominant genus when the water temperature increased further in August. Laboratory experiments confirmed the influence of temperature and the total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) form on the growth of Planktothrix and Microcystis in a co-culture system. Besides, species interactions between cyanobacteria and non-cyanobacterial microorganisms, especially the prokaryotes, also played a key role in the alteration of Planktothrix and Microcystis. The present study exhibited the alteration of two dominant cyanobacteria in the different bloom periods caused by the temperature, TDN forms as well as the species interactions. These results helped the better understanding of cyanobacterial blooms and the factors which contribute to them.