氨荒酸膦酸树脂滤器的制备及其在AAS分析中的应用

本文介绍了氨荒酸膦酸树脂过滤器的制备方法，以及应用该过滤器分离与富集地面水、海水中Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ多元素的适用条件。实际样品中的Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ等重金属离子经过过滤器过滤，被吸附在树脂滤层中，用少量酸洗脱，以ＡＡＳ测试，结果稳定、准确度高。此过滤器在痕量分析中具有很高的应用价值。     

街道峡谷地面源污染物扩散规律的风洞试验研究

在风洞中１／２５０街道峡谷模型的底板内释放示踪气体，通过对浓度分布特征的观测，分析了街道峡谷 面湖泊污染物的扩散过程及其与街道建筑物结构，风向及排放源强度等因素之间的关系，探讨了中性边界层风洞模拟微尺度湍流扩散过程的相似准则与相似参数，为建立街道峡谷地面源污染物扩散模型提供了物理基础。     

稻田环境与除草剂去草胺降解速率的关系

在稻田自然环境中,去草胺乳油和颗粒剂的残留半衰期,在田水中分别为1.65—2.84d和5.78—6.30d,在土壤中分别为2.67—5.33d和4.95—6.30d.经过水稻一个生育期,去草胺在糙米等样品中的最终残留量均降至可检水平以下.土壤微生物对去草胺的降解起着主导性的作用,在灭菌和不灭菌土壤中的残留半衰期分别为433d和18.50—29.40d.去草胶在涂土等四类不同属性的土壤中的渗漏性大小顺序,依次为涂土、小粉土、青紫泥和红壤.     

香港的有害废物管理动向

为了给都市型地区的有害废物管理工作以借鉴，本文详细介绍了香港地区近１０年通过建立有害废物立法管理，制订污染控制总体规划，强化政府对有害废物的有效管理手段，以及近期和今后的主要管理措施的发展动态。     

太原市大气扩散示踪试验

太原市位于山西中部,东、西两山夹峙,汾河南北中贯,地形北部较高,南部开放,西部有一缺口,是一个封闭不完全的盆地。风速较小,1971—1980年平均风速为2.5m/s,静风频率为24％。在无系统天气过境时,近地层气象十分复杂,城南和城北、河东和河西的地面风往往不同。 近年来,太原市大气污染日趋严重,我们于1985年10—11月在太原地区进行了大气扩散示踪试验,以期能对该地区大气污染物的输送和扩散有所了解。     

用硫酸盐化速率评价大气环境质量的应用研究

采用广州市空气自动监测系统2005年大气监测获得的SO2和广州市城市功能区硫酸盐化速率监测数据进行统计分析.研究硫酸盐化速率和大气中SO2含量的相关性,并用硫酸盐化速率对大气环境质量进行评价,取得了较为满意的结果.     

氟苯胺好氧生物降解性能的研究

利用驯化污泥研究了邻氟苯胺、对氟苯胺、2,4-二氟苯胺的好氧生物降解性能.结果表明,3种氟苯胺的好氧生物降解性能从高到低依次为对氟苯胺、邻氟苯胺和2,4-二氟苯胺.降解动力学分析表明,除2,4-二氟苯胺在实验质量浓度8.56 mg/L时为一级反应,其他为零级反应;且它们的降解规律都符合Monod方程;30 ℃、振荡速率140 r/min为氟苯胺的最佳降解条件.同时研究了共基质条件下葡萄糖和苯胺对2,4-二氟苯胺的好氧降解的影响,葡萄糖的引入有促进作用,而苯胺只在一定浓度范围内有促进作用.氟苯胺的生产废水与生活污水合并处理以及多种组分混合废水处理是可行的.     

Effects of four chlorobenzenes on serum sex steroids and hepatic microsome enzyme activities in crucian carp, Carassius auratus

Four chlorobenzenes (chlorobenzene, 1,3-dichlorobenzene, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, p-chloro-methylbenzene) were administrated to the crucian carps (Carassius auratus) by peritoneal injections in the laboratory for 30 days. Serum testosterone and 17 beta-estradiol concentrations were detected using radioimmunology assay (RIA), and the activities of two hepatic microsome enzymes, glutathione s-transferase (GST) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UDPGT), were measured using the modified methods as described by Habig and Owens. Results showed that the four chlorobenzenes caused significant increases in serum testosterone concentration in the crucian carps (P < 0.05) compared to the controls, but they caused no significant effect on 17 beta-estradiol level. All test chemicals caused a change in hepatic GST activity in crucian carps, with significant increases in enzyme activity (P < 0.05). Chlorobenzene, 1,3-dichlorobenzene and p-chloro-methylbenzene resulted in a marked inhibition to UDPGT activity in crucian carp (P < 0.05) except 1,4-dichlorobenzene. The changes in hepatic microsome enzyme activities may have resulted in the alterations of serum sex steroids levels in the crucian carps. The results indicated that these four chlorobenzenes may result in the changes of endocrine functions and may affect the reproductive success of this and other species.     

利用磁信息研究潮滩重金属污染的探讨

本文以长江口潮滩沉积物的系统磁性测量为基础,对照化学分析和粒度分析等数据,初步探讨了潮滩沉积物的磁性特征与重金属元素含量的相关联系及其机理,建立了重金属元素含量与磁参数的定量关系模型,并揭示了长江口潮滩重金属污染的空间特征及其与沉积环境的联系。本项工作成功地探索了利用磁信息研究潮滩重金属污染的技术路线和应用前景,指出了在一定区域内,利用适量样品的磁性测量与重金属元素分析数据,建立其定量回归模型的可行性。从而可以在区域污染调查中,通过广泛的磁数据测量,由经验公式定量地估算不同滩地部分的重金属元素含量,以全面了解潮滩重金属污染的空间分布,分析其规律和机理。由于磁测方法具有快速、简便、经济、易行等特点,它为大范围的潮滩重金属污染研究提供了一项实用有效的辅助手段。     

Using sustainable development indicators as a supplementary measure for the integrated management of environmental information system in Taiwan

Environmental Information System (EIS) transfers environmental data and information to audiences in any field of knowledge or activity interested in environmental problems. Currently, numerous conventional EISs or Environmental Databases (EDs) are available in Taiwan. However, they fail to adequately address the strong correlations among the environmental, social and economic components. Notably, Sustainable Development Indicators (SDIs) combine environmental, social and economic dimensions, as well as illustrate the links among systems. Subsequently, developing a set of SDIs will provide an excellent opportunity to systematically consolidate the information scattered among many archives, as well as promoting an integrated EIS. This work presents an experimental model referred to as the 'Sustainable Development Information System of the Island Taiwan' (SDISIT). This system was developed to assist the integrated management of either EIS or ED. The Factor Analysis Method (FAM) is one tool that may prove useful in easing the developing process. Furthermore, by examining the correlations between the indicators, this method can apply existing SDIs to identify the structure of interrelationships among indicators.