山梨酸废水在ABR中的基质降解行为

稳态条件下,采用厌氧折流板反应器(anaerobic baffled reactor,ABR)处理山梨酸废水并进行基质降解动力学研究.实验表明,在污泥负荷为0.54～1.63 kg COD/(kg VSS·d)的范围内,COD去除率随着负荷的增加从85%降到55%.各隔室出水COD沿程递减,前3个隔室承担了去除COD的重要作用,但随着污泥负荷的增加,后部承担的COD去除率比例增大.基于各串联隔室完全混合的假定,推导ABR中山梨酸废水的基质降解动力学方程,并通过实验确定相关动力学参数及相应的动力学方程.实测值与预测值基本吻合.     

As(V)在金红石TiO_2颗粒表面吸附特性及机理

通过静态动力学和热力学吸附实验,研究了温度、共存离子以及溶质的初始浓度对As(V)在金红石TiO2颗粒表面吸附的影响,探讨了As(V)在金红石TiO2颗粒表面吸附特性及机理。结果表明,在As(V)初始浓度为10 mg/L,pH为7的条件下,25℃时的吸附量0.41 mg/g高于30℃时的吸附量0.31 mg/g,As(V)在金红石TiO2上的吸附为放热过程。CaCl2和MgCl2的添加对As(V)在金红石TiO2表面吸附起到明显的促进作用。T=25℃,Ca2+或Mg2+浓度为10 mmol/L时,As(V)吸附量分别为0.64和0.56 mg/g,Ca2+比Mg2+对As(V)吸附促进作用强。As(V)在金红石TiO2的吸附等温线符合Frendlich方程,Lagergren二级动力学方程能较好地描述As(V)在金红石TiO2颗粒表面吸附的动力学过程。     

Toxicity and bioaccumulation of copper in three green microalgal species

The effective concentrations of copper on the inhibition of the growth of Scenedesmus obliquus, Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Closterium lunula at 96 h (96 h EC50) were determined to be 50, 68 and 200 microg/l, respectively. The low initial bioaccumulation of Cu by C. lunula was found to be responsible for its tolerance to Cu. The amount of Cu accumulated by all three microalgae reached the maximum value and decreased quickly after the peak followed by a slow decrease over the next 6 d. Bioaccumulation of Cu by C. lunula was directly proportional to the initial Cu concentration. After reaching the first peak after 1 d, the bioconcentration factor of Cu by microalgae declined to its minimum value during the exponential growth phase but increased in the stationary growth phase again. This indicates that desorption of Cu from microalgae was higher during the exponential growth phase but lower in the stationary growth phase. Smaller microalgae with low 96 h EC50 values are more efficient in removing Cu from wastewater.     

Short-term effects and economic burden assessment of ambient air pollution on hospitalizations for schizophrenia

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The evidence on the health and economic impacts of air pollution with schizophrenia is scarce, especially in developing countries. In this...     

污泥转移SBR工艺处理低浓度生活污水

污泥转移SBR工艺是一种通过内部污泥回流实现污泥在不同SBR隔室间转移,从而增加污泥利用效率,提高系统除污效能的新工艺。以设计规模为240 m3/d、处理低浓度生活污水的工艺系统为对象,研究了新工艺在不同泥转移量(污泥回流比)下的除污性能,并与系统以传统SBR方式运行的情况进行了对比。结果表明,新工艺可以有效提高SBR反应器的容积利用率;采用30%的污泥回流比进行污泥转移,新工艺的处理能力比传统SBR工艺提高近1/2,除磷效率从46%提升至85%。出水各项水质指标均能达到国家排放标准的要求。     

盐酸脱附Pb(Ⅱ)负载氨基膦酸树脂的基本性能

氨基膦酸树脂是一种常用的广谱性重金属螯合树脂,对水中的Pb(Ⅱ)具有很好的选择性分离去除能力,但吸附Pb(Ⅱ)后的树脂再生较为困难。系统研究了盐酸脱附Pb(Ⅱ)-负载氨基膦酸树脂D860的基本性能,优化了基本脱附参数。实验表明,采用盐酸作为脱附剂具有较为良好的脱附效果,10%吸附量树脂脱附反应平衡较快仅需10 min,脱附本身受Pb(Ⅱ)在盐酸溶液中的溶解度影响显著。脱附流速从1 BV/h升高到5 BV/h,脱附效果受到的影响很小。升高温度可以提高PbCl2溶解度,进而提高脱附效率。固定床脱附采用1.0 mol/L盐酸,在1 BV/h和303 K条件下,仅需7 BV脱附剂即可实现较高的脱附效率。     

对羟基苯甘氨酸生产废水的处理工艺研究

对羟基苯甘氨酸废水属于高浓度难处理有机废水,针对生产工艺的特点,采取了废水分类处理的新路线.试验结果表明,高浓度废水经过物化处理后,苯酚的回收率达到95%,每日回收硫酸铵约6t;低浓度废水采取水解酸化-接触氧化-沉淀-活性炭吸附工艺是可行的,COD、BOD5、NH3-N及挥发酚的总去除率分别为95.6%、94.6%、93.7%和99%.     

The role of mechanical and biological treatment in reducing methane emissions from landfill disposal of municipal solid waste in the United Kingdom

In Europe, the European Union Landfill Directive aims to reduce the negative environmental impacts of landfilling. This is mainly to be achieved by reducing the quantity of organic matter deposited, through measures such as the separate collection and recycling of the organic waste stream or pretreatment of residual wastes before landfilling. Other than incineration or other thermal processes, mechanical biological treatment is playing an increasingly important role. This study was conducted to seek the benefits of municipal solid waste (MSW) pretreatment, as well as the differences in methane production from the landfilling of untreated and mechanically/biologically treated (MBT) MSW using GasSim simulation. Results demonstrated that methane production rates vary significantly among waste fractions. Those that contribute most to methane generation (organic material and potentially reusable or recyclable material) could be targeted and treated before landfilling. The statistic relationship from the first phase of the study indicated that to match the increasingly stringent landfill waste organic content allowance, local councils should prioritize the reduction/sorting of certain targeted fractions, such as paper, card, green waste, and other putrescibles from MSW. Moreover, mechanical treatment alone produces organic-rich waste called mechanically sorted organic residues (MSORs), which can be viewed as an organic content concentration process. Mechanically and biologically pretreated waste, on the other hand, differs significantly from untreated MSW and MSORs. This work demonstrated that if efficient mechanical-biological treatment is used, considerable reductions in biological activity, landfill gas production, and energy content/total organic carbon could be achieved. Using GasSim, reductions in methane production of >74% have been simulated if a 90% organic content reduction can be achieved during biological treatment on MSORs. A 50-60% organic content reduction by following biological treatment can turn MSOR properties only into normal MSW equivalent though considerably less volume.     

感潮平原中心城区河道近自然生态修复技术的应用

针对感潮平原中心城区河道存在往复流现象带来的水质波动、生态岸线差、生态系统稳定性不足等问题,开展以基于生物屏障技术耦合水生动植物生态系统构建为主的全面系统的近自然生态修复集成技术及示范研究。注重源头削减和末端综合治理,通过集成构建河道水质稳定技术、海绵设施生态岸线、优化水生态系统措施等技术体系,并选取上海市中心城区典型河道进行示范应用及效果跟踪。结果表明,修复后河道水质和感官效果得到了极大提升,化学需氧量(COD)、氨氮、总磷、浊度/悬浮物(SS)各均值较未处理河道水质均值分别降低约23%、41%、35%、51%/52%,5大类抗生素除了洁霉素、克林霉素和磺胺吡啶外均未检出,河道水质从在地表水IV类水质上下波动稳定达到IV类(总氮指标除外)。