长三角地区跨区域合作创新对区域多样化的影响研究

区域多样化发展在提高生产力、促进就业以及稳定经济等方面发挥着重要作用.一直以来演化经济地理学框架下区域多样化发展中外部资源的作用被忽略,而跨区域合作创新是区域获取外部知识的重要途径之一.研究使用2000～2017年长三角地区41个城市的发明专利数据,对区域经济一体化特征显著的长三角地区多样化水平与合作创新进行测度,并实证检验区域内部与跨区域的合作创新在区域多样化进程中所发挥的作用.结果表明:(1)长三角地区各城市的相关与不相关多样化水平总体呈现逐渐上升并趋于稳定的趋势;(2)合作创新作为知识流动的重要载体,合作参与者大多位于长三角内,合作创新所产生的知识溢出往往发生在具有技术关联性的产业间,从而有助于促进长三角地区发展相关多样化,但对不相关多样化没有表现出显著影响;(3)合作创新中参与团队数量与区域相关与不相关多样性没有显著关系;(4)合作创新中跨区域合作比例越高,越能够促进区域相关与不相关多样化的发展.因此,在推动区域产业多样化的过程中应注重强化区域间的合作,借助外部力量引导区域产业发展.     

覆冰输电塔-线体系风致动力响应分析

依据流体诱发振动原理,结合已有覆冰计算模型,考虑降雨的分类,模拟了输电塔-线体系不同高度导线的覆冰和风荷载。以东北地区某输电塔为例,对覆冰输电塔-线体系在稳定风速激励下的动力响应进行分析,并与不考虑塔线耦联的导线舞动分析结果及覆冰塔线拟静力的分析结果进行对比,对塔位移、输电线位移、钢材应力进行了分析。研究结果表明:塔-线耦联体系对覆冰导线风振有很大影响,覆冰输电塔抗风设计安全度需要进一步提高。     

Evaluation of the technoeconomic feasibility of electrochemical hydrogen peroxide production for decentralized water treatment

• Gas diffusion electrode (GDE) is a suitable setup for practical water treatment. • Electrochemical H₂O₂ production is an economically competitive technology. • High current efficiency of H₂O₂ production was obtained with GDE at 5–400 mA/cm². • GDE maintained high stability for H₂O₂ production for ~1000 h. • Electro-generation of H₂O₂ enhances ibuprofen removal in an E-peroxone process. This study evaluated the feasibility of electrochemical hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) production with gas diffusion electrode (GDE) for decentralized water treatment. Carbon black-polytetrafluoroethylene GDEs were prepared and tested in a continuous flow electrochemical cell for H₂O₂ production from oxygen reduction. Results showed that because of the effective oxygen transfer in GDEs, the electrode maintained high apparent current efficiencies (ACEs,>80%) for H₂O₂ production over a wide current density range of 5–400 mA/cm², and H₂O₂ production rates as high as ~202 mg/h/cm² could be obtained. Long-term stability test showed that the GDE maintained high ACEs (>85%) and low energy consumption (<10 kWh/kg H₂O₂) for H₂O₂ production for 42 d (~1000 h). However, the ACEs then decreased to ~70% in the following 4 days because water flooding of GDE pores considerably impeded oxygen transport at the late stage of the trial. Based on an electrode lifetime of 46 days, the overall cost for H₂O₂ production was estimated to be ~0.88 $/kg H₂O₂, including an electricity cost of 0.61 $/kg and an electrode capital cost of 0.27 $/kg. With a 9 cm² GDE and 40 mA/cm² current density, ~2–4 mg/L of H₂O₂ could be produced on site for the electro-peroxone treatment of a 1.2 m³/d groundwater flow, which considerably enhanced ibuprofen abatement compared with ozonation alone (~43%–59% vs. 7%). These findings suggest that electrochemical H₂O₂ production with GDEs holds great promise for the development of compact treatment technologies for decentralized water treatment at a household and community level.     

废彩色阴极射线管玻璃的X和γ射线屏蔽特性

废电视机和计算机监视器产生了数量庞大的废阴极射线管（CRTs）,已成为全球面临的环境风险,迫切需要找出新的处置方法和再利用途径来化解风险。用Χ和γ射线标准剂量测定装置(QH16),XRF,ICP,XRD和灰熔点炉等试验手段测试了废彩色CRTs玻璃的铅当量、化学组成和烧结等特性,并与钢、铁矿石、重晶石等进行对比;讨论了废彩色CRTs玻璃的X和γ射线质量衰减系数,能量吸收特性和辐射屏蔽能力。结果表明,废彩色CRTs玻璃所含的Pb、Ba、Sr、Sb、Ce、Zn等金属元素具有优良的Χ和γ射线屏蔽性能,将其通过烧结法制备成射线屏蔽材料是控制污染和再利用的有效途径。     

废镍镉电池处置和金属回收关键技术研究进展

系统地介绍了处置废镍镉电池所涉及预处理、蒸馏、浸出、湿法分离和三废处理的关键技术,尤其是真空冶金、生物冶金、乳状液膜分离的研究成果,并对比了不同工艺对环境的影响。     

一种基于蚯蚓学习行为的神经毒性实验方法研究

土壤生物的学习行为是一种综合性的神经高级活动,对土壤中的神经毒性污染物生态风险监测具有重要价值.本研究设计了一套试验装置,基于蚯蚓对白光刺激的厌恶本性,通过振动-白光配对刺激,对蚯蚓进行学习训练,使蚯蚓领会借助加速移动阻止白光刺激的策略,通过蚯蚓到达移动位移阈值的时间测定,对蚯蚓的学习行为进行测试,建立了蚯蚓的学习行为...     

聚乙烯醇/超细羽绒粒子共混膜的制备及其染料吸附动力学

为了改善并更好地研究聚乙烯醇的染料吸附性能,制备了不同超细羽绒粒子含量的聚乙烯醇/超细羽绒粒子共混膜,并将其用于对活性艳红X-3B染料的吸附。结果表明,随着超细羽绒粒子含量的增加,聚乙烯醇/超细羽绒粒子共混膜表面粗糙程度增大。当超细羽绒粒子的质量分数为27.8%时,K/S值最大,染料吸附性能最好,其吸附效果比纯聚乙烯醇膜提升约54.5%。动力学研究结果表明,伪二级动力学模型能更好地描述聚乙烯醇/超细羽绒粒子共混膜对染料的吸附。     

Occurrence of PAHs, PCBs and organochlorine pesticides in the Tonghui River of Beijing, China

Tonghui River, a typical river in Beijing, People's Republic of China, was studied for its water and sediment quality, by determining the levels of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 12 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 18 organochlorine pesticides in water and sediment samples. Total PAHs, PCBs and organochlorine pesticides concentrations in water varied from 192.5 to 2651 ng/l, 31.58-344.9 ng/l and 134.9-3788 ng/l, respectively. The total PAHs, PCBs and organochlorine pesticides concentrations in surficial sediments were 127-928 ng/g, 0.78-8.47 ng/g and 1.79-13.98 ng/g dry weight, respectively. The results showed that the concentration of these selected organic pollutants in sediment was higher than those in surface water. It may be due to the fact that organic hydrophobic pollutants tend to stay in the sediments. The PAHs were dominated by 2-, 3-ring components in water samples and by 3- and 4-ring compounds in sediment. For organochlorines, alpha-HCH, delta-HCH, Heptachlor, Endosulfan II, DDT are the major organochlorine pesticides in water while Heptachlor, Dieldrin and DDE composed of 95% of total organochlorine pesticides in sediment. For HCHs (HCHs=alpha-HCH+beta-HCH+gamma-HCH+delta-HCH), the predominance of alpha-HCH of total HCHs were clearly observed in water and sediment. PCB18, PCB31 and PCB52 were predominant in water, on average these compounds collectively accounted for 67% of total PCBs. But in sediment, the predominant compounds were PCB28, PCB31 and PCB153, which accounted for 71% of total PCBs in sediment. The levels of micro pollutants in our study areas were compared with other studies.     

助溶剂甲醇对化学物质紫外光解的影响

在研究微量有机化学污染物的光化学行为时,为了增加难溶于水的药品溶解度,往往采用甲醇作助溶剂.但对反应体系中助溶剂甲醇对光化学反应的影响缺乏系统研究.以高压汞灯为光源,以萘普生(NP)及其光解产物NP1和NP2为研究对象,通过对比纯水、1%甲醇和1%异丙醇反应体系中的实验结果发现,少量助溶剂甲醇在紫外光照下对羟基自由基的淬灭效果接近于异丙醇.结合检测到的中间产物,推导了NP的光解路径主要为光致脱羧、羟基自由基夺氢、自由基耦合等反应过程.在助溶剂甲醇存在的体系中,甲醇能与萘普生发生酯化反应,并通过淬灭羟基自由基,影响萘普生的光解反应,从而导致实验结果误读.因此,在光化学实验研究中,应该排除助溶剂甲醇对实验结果的影响.     

A/O-MBR中硝化活性污泥的富集及其对氧氟沙星的降解作用

采用A/O-MBR系统,逐步提高进水氨氮浓度富集了硝化活性污泥(NAS),在此基础上,考察了COD、烯丙基硫脲(ATU)、氨氮初始浓度及氨氧化速率对NAS降解氧氟沙星(OFL)的影响。结果表明:富集的NAS的氨氧化速率达到了20 mg/(g SS·h)以上,对OFL具有明显降解作用;ATU存在条件下,COD对OFL的去除作用没有影响;提高初始氨氮浓度和NAS氨氧化速率均可以提高OFL降解量;初始氨氮浓度由50 mg/提升至150 mg/L时,OFL降解量由67.26 μg/g提高到82.11 μg/g;氨氧化速率由小于2.5 mg/(g SS·h)提升至大于20 mg/(g SS·h)时,OFL降解量由30.71 μg/g提高到75.16 μg/g。