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621.
622.
Cai M Xie Z Möller A Yin Z Huang P Cai M Yang H Sturm R He J Ebinghaus R 《Chemosphere》2012,87(9):989-997
Neutral polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) were measured in high-volume air samples collected on board the research vessel Snow Dragon during the 4th Chinese National Arctic Expedition from the Japan Sea to the Arctic Ocean in 2010. Four volatile and semi-volatile PFASs (fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs), fluorotelomer acids (FTAs), perfluoroalkyl sulfonamides (FASAs), and sulfonamidoethanols (FASEs)) were analyzed respectively in the gas and particle phases. FTOHs were the dominant PFASs in the gas phase (61-358 pg m−3), followed by FTAs (5.2-47.9 pg m−3), FASEs (1.9-15.0 pg m−3), and FASAs (0.5-2.1 pg m−3). In the particle phase, the dominant PFAS class was FTOHs (1.0-9.9 pg m−3). The particle-associated fraction followed the general trend of FASEs > FASAs > FTOHs. Compared with other atmospheric PFAS measurements, the ranges of concentrations of ∑FTOH in this study were similar to those reported from Toronto, north America (urban), the northeast Atlantic Ocean, and northern Germany. Significant correlations between FASEs in the gas phase and ambient air temperature indicate that cold surfaces such as sea-ice, snowpack, and surface seawater influence atmospheric FASEs. 相似文献
623.
基于Donnan分离原理,研究磷酸盐离子在无电压条件下通过阴离子交换膜的迁移过程以及膜内磷酸盐的分布。结果表明,阴离子交换膜采用NaCl溶液浸泡预处理后,促进磷酸盐离子的第1步迁移过程,磷酸盐离子的迁移去除效果提高5%。受体液NaCl浓度是阴离子交换膜内磷酸盐含量的控制因素,其浓度从0.001 mol/L增加至0.1 mol/L时,膜内磷酸盐含量由0.077 mg/cm2降至0.002 mg/cm2。受体液NaCl浓度较高时,有利于促进磷酸盐离子的第3步迁移过程,且2层膜内磷酸盐含量的分布由给体液至受体液呈递减趋势。温度升高,低浓度受体液条件下膜内磷酸盐的含量增加,对高浓度受体液条件下膜内磷酸盐的含量几乎无影响。 相似文献
624.
针对集约化农业过量施入化肥农药等引起的土壤质量退化问题,采用造纸黒液废物提取的低聚木糖作为土壤调理剂。通过室内土壤培养,研究不同低聚木糖施用量(0.01%、0.05%、0.1%和0.2%)对土壤微生物数量和脲酶活性的影响。通过番茄盆栽实验,并设置添加0.1%商品生物有机肥处理作比较,研究不同低聚木糖施用量对土壤微生物量氮磷、脲酶和磷酸酶活性的影响。结果表明,低聚木糖可以提高土壤细菌、放线菌数量、土壤脲酶和磷酸酶活性。低聚木糖也显著增加番茄各生长期土壤微生物量碳和磷含量,其中开花期时低聚木糖的促进作用最为明显。所有剂量处理中,以0.05%的低聚木糖添加量处理效果最为明显,且该处理效果也优于添加0.1%生物有机肥处理。低聚木糖作为土壤调理剂,能显著提高土壤微生物数量和酶活性,改善土壤生态系统,提高土壤质量,在农业上具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
625.
626.
627.
Gao B Liu WB Jia LY Xu L Xie J 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2011,46(3):257-263
In this study, an Alcaligenes sp. strain DG-5 that can effectively degrade dichlorodiphenyltrichloro-ethanes (DDTs) under aerobic conditions was isolated from DDTs-contaminated sediment. Various factors that affect the biodegradation of DDTs by DG-5 were investigated. About 88 %, 65 % and 45 % of the total DDTs were consumed within 120 h when their initial concentrations were 0.5, 5 and 15 mg L?1, respectively. However, almost no degradation was observed when their concentration was increased to 30 mg L?1, but the addition of nutrients significantly improved the degradation, and 66 % and 90 % of the total DDTs were degraded at 336 h in the presence of 5 g L?1 peptone and yeast extract, respectively. Moreover, the addition of 20 mM formate also enhanced the ability of DG-5 to transform DDTs, and its DDT transformation capacity (T(c)) value was increased by 1.8 - 2.7 fold for the pure (p,p'-DDT or o,p'-DDT only) and mixed systems (p,p'-DDT, o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD and p,p'-DDE). Furthermore, it was found that competitive inhibition in the biodegradation by DDT compounds occurred in the mixed system. 相似文献
628.
Xie X Zhou Q Lin D Guo J Bao Y 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2011,18(4):566-575
Introduction
More attention has been paid to tetracycline contamination in view of its rapid increasing concentration in the environment. Therefore, it is important to set up rapid, simple, and accurate methods for monitoring tetracycline ecotoxicity. 相似文献629.
X. Gu T. Cheng D. Xie Z. Li T. Yu H. Chen 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2011,45(36):6607-6612
A precise estimate of polarization induced by surface is crucial for polarized remote sensing dedicated to monitoring aerosol properties over urban area. The accurate knowledge of interaction between surface and aerosol polarized reflectance is essential for accurately achieving aerosol properties. In order to study surface and aerosol polarized reflectance for aerosol retrievals over urban area, a new airborne directional polarimetric camera (DPC) with high spatial resolution (4 m at 4000 m a.g.l) was developed. The surface polarized reflectance over distinct surface covers of urban area (forest, shrub, and soil) were studied using DPC measurements during a field campaign in the Pearl River Delta (PRD), China. The large variations were found in surface polarized reflectance of distinct urban covers due to surface type variability. For all surface types, the empirical BPDF model cannot describe accurately surface polarized reflectance at all possible illumination and observation geometries. From the quantitatively study of relationship between surface and aerosol polarized contribution to DPC measurements, we show that the polarized contributions of aerosol, which optical properties were defined by ground-based measurements, are much larger than the polarized contribution of surface, and found that the polarized contribution of surface covers increases with decreasing NDVI. The effect of polarization accuracy of measurements on aerosol retrieval was also investigated using DPC measurements, and found that 0.1% polarization accuracy of measurements can be neglected when AOD is retrieved using polarized measurements. Based on the information of effects of polarized reflectance differences between distinct surface covers and polarization accuracy of polarized measurements on retrieved aerosols over urban area, we found that the accuracy of aerosol retrieval over forest covers is higher than other surface types using polarized remote sensing. 相似文献
630.