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641.
西安市商场建筑室内外颗粒物污染状况调查 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
为了解西安市商场建筑室内外颗粒物的污染状况,采用德国Grimm气溶胶光谱仪对该市10家商场的室内外颗粒物浓度进行测试。结果发现,10家商场室内外PM10和PM2.5浓度都不同程度超过了相关标准规定的浓度值,PM10和PM2.5的室内超标率分别为66.4%和71%,室外超标率分别为73.8%、71.6%。室内外颗粒物浓度I/O比值均小于1,出现(I/O)PM10<(I/O)PM2.5<(I/O)PM1.0的规律。同时,室内可吸入颗粒物主要以对人体伤害较大的细颗粒物为主。 相似文献
642.
643.
Xie Yizhen Li Qiuyi Qin Lulu Zhou Xiaobin Fan Yinming 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(39):54950-54959
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this work, the effect of a carrier modified with a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) on preparing multi-templates surface molecularly imprinted... 相似文献
644.
Xiaochen Wu Xiaocong Cao Qiao Xing Shanhu Hu Wenshuai Xu Rongfu Xie Aidan Xian Wenjing Xie Zhaohui Yang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,123(1):417-429
Based on one-year observation, the concentration, sources, and potential source areas of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were comprehensively analyzed to investigate the pollution characteristics of ambient VOCs in Haikou, China. The results showed that the annual average concentration of total VOCs (TVOCs) was 11.4 ppbV, and the composition was dominated by alkanes (8.2 ppbV, 71.4%) and alkenes (1.3 ppbV, 20.5%). The diurnal variation in the concentration of dominant VOC species showed a distinct bimodal distribution with peaks in the morning and evening. The greatest contribution to ozone formation potential (OFP) was made by alkenes (51.6%), followed by alkanes (27.2%). The concentrations of VOCs and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in spring and summer were low, and it was difficult to generate high ozone (O3) concentrations through photochemical reactions. The significant increase in O3 concentrations in autumn and winter was mainly related to the transmission of pollutants from the northeast. Traffic sources (40.1%), industrial sources (19.4%), combustion sources (18.6%), solvent usage sources (15.5%) and plant sources (6.4%) were identified as major sources of VOCs through the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model. The southeastern coastal areas of China were identified as major potential source areas of VOCs through the potential source contribution function (PSCF) and concentration-weighted trajectory (CWT) models. Overall, the concentration of ambient VOCs in Haikou was strongly influenced by traffic sources and long-distance transport, and the control of VOCs emitted from vehicles should be strengthened to reduce the active species of ambient VOCs in Haikou, thereby reducing the generation of O3. 相似文献
645.
The black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) have been successfully applied to treat various organic wastes. However, the impacts of heavy metals on antibiotic resistance in the BSFL guts are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effect of copper (exposure concentrations of 0, 100 and 800 mg/kg) on the antibiotic and metal resistance profiles in BSFL guts. A total of 83 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), 18 mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and 6 metal resistance genes (MRGs) were observed in larval gut samples. Exposure to Cu remarkably reduced the diversity of ARGs and MGEs, but significantly enhanced the abundances of gut-associated ARGs and MRGs. The levels of MRGs copA, czcA and pbrT were dramatically strengthened after Cu exposure as compared with CK (increased by 2.8–13.5 times). Genera Enterococcus acted as the most predominant potential host of multiple ARG, MGE and MRG subtypes. Meanwhile, high exposure to Cu aggravated the enrichment of potential pathogens in BSFL guts, especially for Escherichia, Enterococcus and Salmonella species. The mantel test and procrustes analysis revealed that the gut microbial communities could be a key determinant for antibiotic and metal resistance. However, no significant positive links were observed between MGEs and ARGs or MRGs, possibly suggesting that MGEs did not play a crucial role in shaping the ARGs or MRGs in BSFL guts under the stress of Cu. These findings extend our understanding on the impact of heavy metals on the gut-associated antibiotic and metal resistome of BSFL. 相似文献
646.
Xiaoting Qiao Gang Li Jing Zhang Jing Du Yunjia Yang Jie Yin Hui Li Jie Xie You Jiang Xiang Fang Xinhua Dai Bing Shao 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(8):122-129
Alternaria mycotoxins are of concern due to its adverse health effect, they affect various cereal crops and grain-based food along with modified forms that contribute to overall exposure. This study aimed to determine the frequency and level of exposure to Alternaria mycotoxins (tenuazonic acid, TeA; alternariol, AOH; alternariol monomethyl ether, AME; tentoxin, TEN; and altenuene, ALT) in human urine from Beijing adults. A total of 2212 urine samples were collected and analyzed for five mycotoxins using LC–ESI–MS/MS. More than 98% of the samples had at least one Alternaria mycotoxin detected. Among the mycotoxins, AME had the highest detection rate (96.0%), followed by TeA (70.5%). The calculated average daily intake values of AME (12.5 ng/kg b.w.) was 5 times the TTC value (2.5 ng/kg b.w.) set by the EFSA, indicating the potential health risks associated with mycotoxins. Immediate attention and subsequent actions should be taken to identify the sources of mycotoxins and the corresponding exposure pathways to humans in the investigated regions. 相似文献
647.
Size-segregated ambient particulate matter (PM) samples were collected seasonally in suburban Nanjing of east China from 2016 to 2017 and chemically speciated. In both fine (< 2.1 µm, PM2.1) and coarse (> 2.1 µm, PM>2.1) PM, organic carbon (OC) accounted for the highest fractions (26.9% ± 10.9% and 23.1% ± 9.35%) of all measured species, and NO3− lead in average concentrations of water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs). The size distributions of measured components were parameterized using geometric mean diameter (GMD). GMD values of NO3−, Cl−, OC, and PM for the whole size range varied from < 2.1 µm in winter to > 2.1 μm in warm seasons, which was due to the fact that the size distributions of semi-volatile components (e.g., NH4NO3, NH4Cl, and OC) had a dependency on the ambient temperature. Unlike OC, elemental carbon (EC), and elements, NH4+, NO3−, and SO42− exhibited an increase trend in GMD values with relative humidity, indicating that the hygroscopic growth might also play a role in driving seasonal changes of PM size distributions. Positive matrix factorization was performed using compositional data of fine and coarse particles, respectively. The secondary formation of inorganic salts contributing to the majority (> 70%) of fine PM and 20.2% ± 19.9% of speciated coarse PM. The remaining coarse PM content was attributed to a variety of dust sources. Considering that coarse and fine PM had comparable mass concentrations, more attention should be paid to local dust emissions in future air quality plans. 相似文献
648.
Qiongfang Zhuo Xiaofeng Xu Shuibo Xie Xiuwen Ren Zhongying Chen Bo Yang Yanliang Li Junfeng Niu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(6):103-113
The simultaneous electro-oxidation of Ni (II)-citrate and electrodeposition recovery of nickel metal were attempted in a combined electro-oxidation-electrodeposition reactor with a boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode and a polished titanium cathode. Effects of initial nickel citrate concentration, current density, initial pH, electrode spacing, electrolyte type, and initial electrolyte dosage on electrochemical performance were examined. The efficiencies of Ni (II)-citrate removal and nickel metal recovery were determined to be 100% and over 72%, respectively, under the optimized conditions (10 mA/cm2, pH 4.09, 80 mmol/L Na2SO4, initial Ni (II)-citrate concentration of 75 mg/L, electrode spacing of 1 cm, and 180 min of electrolysis). Energy consumption increased with increased current density, and the energy consumption was 0.032 kWh/L at a current density of 10 mA/cm2 (pH 6.58). The deposits at the cathode were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). These characterization results indicated that the purity of metallic nickel in cathodic deposition was over 95%. The electrochemical system exhibited a prospective approach to oxidize metal complexes and recover metallic nickel. 相似文献
649.
The Stakeholder Preference for Best Management Practices in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jiali Qiu Zhenyao Shen Lei Chen Hui Xie Chengchun Sun Qin Huang 《Environmental management》2014,54(5):1163-1174
A qualitative analysis of in-depth interviews with 92 farmers and 42 policy managers in Wuxi County, the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, was conducted to identify stakeholder preferences for alternative best management practices (BMPs) and to determine the factors that affect their acceptance. Policy manager support for most of the practices was relatively stronger than support by farmers, except for the grade stabilization structure (GSS), hillside ditch (HD) and constructed wetland alternative, owing to their perceptions of soil benefits, economic advantages and environmental advantages. Farmers opposed those practices that occupied cultivated lands or changed the conventional planting methods, such as field border, conservation tillage (CT) and contour buffer strips. They tended to accept the BMPs with off-farm pollution reduction, such as GSS, riparian forest buffer and HD, and the BMPs associated with soil benefits, such as nutrient management and Terrace. The result that almost all respondents did not accept CT differed from reports in the existing literature. There is a significant correlation between the acceptance of some BMPs and the townships where the farmers lived (P ≤ 0.05). The environmental conditions and social factors would affect farmer support for BMPs, including local soil conditions, farming methods, economic income, education level and age. The economic advantages of the BMPs were the main motivation for farmers to accept the practices. Furthermore, intensive education efforts, financial incentives or economic subsidies may promote the adoption of the BMPs in our study area. 相似文献
650.
有机溴代苯酚类污染物在水体中普遍存在,尤其在海洋环境中,除人为污染源外,它还存在广泛的天然来源.以2,4,6-三溴苯酚为模型化合物,以氙灯(λ290 nm)作为模拟太阳光源,研究了海水中溴代苯酚的光化学过程,并系统考察了溴代苯酚初始浓度、Cl~-、Fe(Ⅲ)和pH值等环境因素的影响.实验结果表明,在海水中,2,4,6-三溴苯酚能够快速发生光化学反应,通过产物分析发现其主要产物为通过光致脱溴氯代过程产生的2,4-二溴-6-氯苯酚,并且该产物随2,4,6-三溴苯酚初始浓度、Cl~-浓度、Fe(Ⅲ)浓度的增大及溶液pH值的降低而增加.以明亮发光杆菌为受试生物的毒理学实验表明,2,4,6-三溴苯酚在海水中光化学的前期,系统的毒性效应增强,而毒性的增加可能主要由光致氯代过程导致. 相似文献