三相生物流化床处理生活废水

对三相生物流化床处理生活废水进行了实验研究，探讨了生物载体种类、溶解氧、水力停留时间及供气量对处理效果的影响。在选择的实验条件下，对进水CODcr值为600～1700mg／L的选定废水样，CODCr的平均去除率为85．8％。     

活性炭改性研究进展

本文从表面结构特性、表面化学性质和电化学性质 3个方面叙述了国内外在活性炭改性方面的研究进展。表面结构特性改性主要是从增大比表面积和控制孔径分布两方面展开 ,从而增大吸附量 ;表面化学性质改性主要是通过氧化还原改变表面含氧酸性、碱性基团的相对含量以及负载金属改性 ,从而改变对极性、极性较弱或非极性物质的吸附能力 ;电化学性质改性主要是通过加微电场改变活性炭表面的带电性和由此而产生的化学性质的变化 ,从而改变吸附性能。最后 ,本文还从活性炭的吸附性质方面 ,客观地提出了今后发展方向     

絮凝形态学研究及进展

从水体中原始颗粒、絮凝剂和絮体 3个方面综述了絮凝形态学的研究进展 ,尤其是分形理论在絮凝理论与工程中的应用。絮体是具有自相似或自仿射和标度不变的分形结构 ,其分形维数是描述絮凝过程的重要因素。絮体分形结构导致了絮体碰撞的作用半径、有效密度等变化 ,从而对颗粒物分离过程有重要的影响。     

Kinetics of enhanced adsorption by polarization for organic pollutants on activated carbon fiber

The adsorption kinetics for model pollutants on activated carbon fiber (ACF) by polarization was investigated in this work. Kinetics data obtained for the adsorption of these model pollutants at open-circuit, 400 mV, and ?400 mV polarization were applied to the Lagergren equation, and adsorption rate constants (K _a) were determined. With the anodic polarization of 400 mV, the capacity of sodium phenoxide was increased from 0.0083 mmol/g at open-circuit to 0.18 mmol/g, and a 17-fold enhancement was achieved; however, the capacity of p-nitrophenol was decreased from 2.93 mmol/g at open-circuit to 2.65 mmol/g. With the cathodal polarization of ?400 mV, the capacity of aniline was improved from 3.60 mmol/g at open-circuit to 3.88 mmol/g; however, the capacity of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate was reduced from 2.20 mmol/g at open-circuit to 1.59 mmol/g. The enhancement for electrosorption changed with different groups substituting. Anodic polarization enhances the adsorption of benzene with the electron-donating group. But whether anodic or not, cathodal polarization had less effect on the adsorption of electron-accepting aromatic compounds, and decreased the adsorption capacity of benzene-bearing donor-conjugate bridge-acceptor, while increasing its adsorption rate. Electrostatic interaction played a very important role in the electrosorption of ion-pollutants.     

工业废水综合回用的实验研究

以保定市某渠工业废水为研究对象,调查了污水的主要来源和主要污染物,提出了处理方案:首先采用酸改性粉煤灰进行混凝,活性炭吸附,最后用臭氧进行氧化。同时探讨了酸改性粉煤灰的制备和最佳运行条件,活性炭的最佳运行条件和臭氧的最佳氧化时间,从而探索出一条适合于该渠工业废水的综合回用方法。     

含铬电镀废水回收铬黄实验

在含铬电镀废水中加入硫化钠、碳酸氢钠和双氧水去除铜及其它杂质,再利用氢氧化钠和盐酸调节pH值,最后加入过量的硝酸铅制成铬黄。实验结果表明,温度和硝酸铅加入量对铬黄的生成有显著的影响。当反应温度为60℃,硝酸铅的添加量为0.05g/mL时,铬黄的生成量最大。在此条件下,100mL废水中能回收4.8g铬黄,铬的回收率为97.1%。     

不同预处理对电镀污泥电动过程的影响

以风干电镀污泥为电动处理试验材料,水为阳极电解液,柠檬酸-柠檬酸铵缓冲液为阴极电解液,施加25 V直流电压条件下电动运行5 d,研究了水、低浓度木钙和硝酸等预处理对电镀污泥电动过程的影响。结果表明,各处理的阴极电解液pH值变化平稳,都维持在3-3.5较理想的范围。而1%木钙、1%硝酸饱和预处理电镀污泥,明显改变了电动过程中电渗流和电流密度的大小,对电镀污泥Cu、Ni的去除率也有明显增加。其中,木钙、硝酸预处理后对Cu的去除率由对照的13.24%分别提高到19.05%和25.55%,即去除量分别增大3 516.35 mg/kg和7 457.62 mg/kg;木钙、硝酸预处理后对Ni的去除率由对照的14.68%分别提高到16.47%和28.85%,即去除量分别增大800.91 mg/kg和6 359.92 mg/kg。     

城市水资源综合风险评价指标体系与模型构建

水资源是城市形成、发展的必要条件,在自然和人类活动影响下,城市旱涝、缺水及水环境污染现象时有发生,水资源问题已严重阻碍了当今城市发展。在城市水资源风险评价方面,国内外学者已进行了大量的理论探索和实证研究,但方法模型尚未统一。本文在系统论述前人关于自然灾害与城市水资源、水环境风险分析与评估研究成果的基础上,基于城市灾害风险系统论的角度,提出一套适合中国城市水资源综合风险评估的指标体系;同时,对城市水资源综合风险管理模式作了一定的探讨和分析,拟为城市水资源安全规划和管理提供科学的决策依据。     

都市工业园区规划环评的实践与思考

通过对白沙洲都市工业园规划环评筹备、撰写、执行等环节的剖析,总结了该规划环评的特点,并指出基层环保组织在推动规划环评过程中所起的作用。对应用规划环评成果为园区和谐快速发展服务提出建议。着重探讨了基层环保部门该如何推动规划环评,促进城市中心老工业区改造,发展都市工业因,乃至生态工业园,实现城区经济又好又快发展。提出了法律赋予环保部门管理规划环评的职权不足、公众参与流于形式、规划环评法律约束不力等规刘环评实践过程中遇到的主要问题,并给出建议。     

Effects of disinfection efficiency on microbial communities and corrosion processes in drinking water distribution systems simulated with actual running conditions

The effects of disinfection efficiency on microbial communities and the corrosion of cast iron pipes in drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) were studied. Two annular reactors (ARs) that simulated actual running conditions with UV/Cl₂ disinfection and chlorination alone were used. High chlorine consumption and corrosion rate were found in the AR with UV/Cl₂. According to functional genes and pyrosequencing tests, a high percentage of iron recycling bacteria was detected within the biofilm of the AR with Cl₂ at early running stage, whereas siderophore-producing bacteria were dominant in the biofilm of the AR with UV/Cl_2. At the early running stage, the sequential use of UV light and an initial high chlorine dosage suppressed the biomass and iron-recycling bacteria in both bulk water and biofilms, thereby forming less protective scales against further corrosion, which enhanced chlorine consumption. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis showed that the bacterial communities in the ARs shaped from within rather than being imported by influents. These results indicate that the initial high disinfection efficiency within the distribution system had not contributed to the accumulation of iron-recycling bacteria at the early running stages. This study offer certain implications for controlling corrosion and water quality in DWDSs.