Competitive adsorption and desorption of copper and lead in some soil of North China

The competitive adsorption and desorption of Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions in the soil of three sites in North China were investigated using single and binary metal solutions with 0.01 mol·L^-1 CaCl₂ as background electrolyte. The desorption isotherms of Pb(II) and Cu(II) were similar to the adsorption isotherms, which can be fitted well by Freundlich equation (R₂>0.96). The soil in the three sites had greater sorption capacities for Pb(II) than Cu(II), which was affected strongly by the soil characteristics. In the binary metal solution containing 1∶1 molar ratio of Pb(II) and Cu(II), the total amount of Pb(II) and Cu(II) adsorption was affected by the simultaneous presence of the two metal ions, indicating the existence of adsorption competition between the two metal ions. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was used to investigate the interaction between soil and metal ions, and the results revealed that the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups in the soil were the main binding sites of metal ions.     

Transition to a low-carbon city: lessons learned from Suzhou in China

Climate change has become one of the most serious challenges facing humanity; developing a low-carbon economy provides new opportunities for addressing this issue. Building a low-carbon city has been pursued by people with a high degree of enthusiasm in China. Different from actions at the national level and distinct from practices of developed countries, low-carbon development in Chinese cities should be placed on diverse concerns. Taking Suzhou of Jiangsu Province of China as a case city, this paper adopts a scenario analysis approach to explore strategic focal points in the transition to a low-carbon city. Within this transition, we mainly focus on the different contributions from two factors-economic restructuring and technological upgrading. Scenario analysis results show that 1) in the case of no breakthrough technologies, it is difficult to achieve absolute emission reductions; 2) technologies involved in optimizing energy structure and improving energy efficiency of basic service sectors should be highly emphasized in local planning; 3) in comparison with technological upgrading, economic structural adjustment could be a stronger contributor to mitigation, which is one of the main differences from developed countries. However, the key issue of economic restructuring is to promote the growth of emerging low-carbon industries, which requires not only a strategic choice of new industries but also an introduction of advanced low-carbon technologies. It is also found that establishing a local carbon emissions accounting system is a prerequisite and the first priority for realizing a low-carbon transition and government capacity buildings should be strengthened accordingly.     

工业和建筑固体废弃物再生研究

为了减轻我国的工业/建筑固体废弃物的污染压力,通过对工业和建筑固体废物、粉煤灰、水泥以及外加剂的组合配比实验,优化制作具有轻质高性能的混凝土建筑砌块的方法,并对所研制的混凝土砌块的强度和导热性能进行了测试,最终结果显示砌块性能良好。预计此类复合建筑材料可以在未来的市政建筑中发挥应有的作用。     

Historical trends of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) recorded in sediments across the Tibetan Plateau

Sediment cores from four lakes across the Tibetan Plateau were used as natural archives to study the time trends of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). The total concentrations of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (ΣDDT) and hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (ΣHCH) were in the range of 0.04–1.61 and 0.08–1.88 ng/g based on dry weight (dw), while the input fluxes were in the range of 0.3–236 and 0.7–295 pg/cm²/y in the core sediments, respectively. The input fluxes of ΣDDT and ΣHCH generally peaked in sediment layers corresponding to the 1970s–1990s and peaked in top sediment layers. The ratio of α/γ-HCH decreased in the top layer sediments, implying that the contribution of lindane (pure γ-HCH) has been increasing in recent years. In addition, the ratio of o,p′-DDT/p,p′-DDT increased significantly over the last 15–20 years, suggesting that dicofol (characterized by high ratio of o,p′-DDT/p,p′-DDT about 7.0) has recently become a relatively more important source of DDT compared to technical DDT itself. The time trends of OCPs recorded in lake sediments examined the impact on such remote alpine regions by human activities.     

Evaluation of fast atmospheric dispersion models in a regular street network

Environmental Fluid Mechanics - The need to balance computational speed and simulation accuracy is a key challenge in designing atmospheric dispersion models that can be used in scenarios where...     

草甘膦与镉复合胁迫对玉米幼苗抗氧化酶活性及光合作用的影响

为了探讨草甘膦(PMG)与重金属镉(Cd)复合胁迫对作物(玉米幼苗)生长的影响作用机制。通过温室盆栽试验,分别进行了不同浓度的PMG单一处理(浓度分别设计为0、1.25、2.5、5、10、20 mg·kg~(-1))和不同浓度的PMG(浓度分别为0、1.25、2.5、5、10、20 mg·kg~(-1))与浓度5 mg·kg~(-1)Cd2+的复合处理。采用分光光度法和连续激发式荧光仪分别对玉米幼苗抗氧化酶(过氧化物酶POD、过氧化氢酶CAT、超氧化物歧化酶SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、叶绿素含量、荧光动力学曲线及相关参数进行了测定。结果表明,单一和复合胁迫分别在PMG浓度为1.25~5 mg·kg~(-1)、1.25~2.5 mg·kg~(-1)时,玉米幼苗通过增大抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT)活性,清除积累过多的活性氧自由基,提高叶绿素含量的合成,加大光合作用速率,促进玉米幼苗的生长;单一和复合胁迫分别在PMG浓度为5~20 mg·kg~(-1)、2.5~20 mg·kg~(-1)时,由于玉米幼苗积累了过多的膜脂过氧化物,导致抗氧化系统损坏,阻碍叶绿素含量的合成,同时也损害了PSII的功能(MO、φPO、ΨO、φEO、φDO、ABS/RC、TRO/RC、ETO/RC、DIO/RC、PIABS),导致玉米幼苗光合作用受到抑制,阻碍幼苗的生长。研究表明,草甘膦单一胁迫和与重金属镉复合胁迫,对玉米幼苗酶活性及光合作用的影响,均随处理浓度的升高表现为双阶段性,低浓度促进,高浓度抑制;与同浓度的PMG单一处理相比,Cd2+的存在,加大了PMG单独存在时的损害作用,使得玉米幼苗对PMG胁迫的敏感浓度点从5 mg·kg~(-1)降低到2.5 mg·kg~(-1)。     

计及多类约束的安控系统在线校核技术

通过对安控装置运行状态进行实时监视与识别,准确获取安控系统运行状态,对分散的安控系统策略进行结构化统一建模,实现了安控当值策略的快速识别,为离线策略在线校核提供基础数据,并进行了安控系统的静态安全、暂态安全和动态稳定的全面校核。研究结果表明一种计及多类安全稳定约束的安控系统在线校核技术对防止安控系统离线策略控制量不足或者不匹配等情况有很好的指导意义。     

工业源VOCs污染防控对策案例研究

挥发性有机物(VOCs)已经与氮氧化物(NOx)、颗粒物等成为我国典型城市群的主要大气污染物,其中工业源VOCs排放量大,是珠江三角洲地区影响最大的一类VOCs排放源。由于VOCs种类繁多,来源及转化生成臭氧的机制复杂,为解决此类复杂的VOCs污染问题,文章以东莞市作为珠三角典型区域代表,归纳总结了VOCs防控措施,分析了工业源VOCs治理的难点,有针对性地提出相关的有效对策建议,以期为大气环境质量管理和决策提供有益帮助,也为全国其他城市的VOCs污染防控提供借鉴。     

预处理-气浮-氧化沟工艺处理再生纸废水

介绍了预处理-气浮-氧化沟工艺在再生纸废水处理工程中的应用。运行结果表明:该工艺处理效果稳定,耐冲击负荷能力强,进水ρ(COD)、ρ(BOD5)、ρ(SS)分别为1542,654,2254mg/L时,出水分别为77,38,22mg/L,系统出水水质达GB3544-2001《造纸工业水污染物排放标准》。     

基于物联网的360度煤矿安全管理信息系统探讨

煤矿安全管理信息系统是煤矿安全生产的重要保障.通过对现有煤矿安全管理信息系统研究和应用现状的分析,认为采用物联网技术对涉及煤矿安全的各方面信息进行集成,以保证每一个安全隐患能够得到及时整改,并形成安全提升长效机制是未来发展的要求.在此基础上,提出了一个包括环境监测、设备监测、人员安全、安全闭环管理平台和安全提升四个子系统的基于物联网的360度煤矿安全管理信息系统架构.