Relationship between groundwater cadmium and vicinity resident urine cadmium levels in the non-ferrous metal smelting area,China

● This study systematically examined the relationship between groundwater Cd and UCL. ● The study covered 211 UCL and sociological characteristic from nine groundwater samples. ● We found a significant positive correlation between groundwater Cd and UCL. ● Smoking status and education level also significantly affected UCL. Cadmium (Cd) has received widespread attention owing to its persistent toxicity and non-degradability. Cd in the human body is mainly absorbed from the external environment and is usually assessed using urinary Cd. Hunan Province is the heartland of the Chinese non-ferrous mining area, where several serious Cd pollution events have occurred, including high levels of Cd in the urine of residents. However, the environmental factors influencing high urinary Cd levels (UCLs) in nearby residents remain unclear. Therefore, 211 nearby residents’ UCLs and the corresponding sociological characteristics from nine groundwater samples in this area were analyzed using statistical analysis models. Groundwater Cd concentration ranged from 0.02 to 1.15 μg/L, aligning with class III of the national standard; the range of UCL of nearby residents was 0.37–36.60 μg/L, exceeding the national guideline of 0–2.5 μg/L. Groundwater Cd levels were positively correlated with the UCL (P < 0.001, correlation coefficient 95 % CI = 9.68, R² = 0.06). In addition, sociological characteristics, such as smoking status and education level, also affect UCL. All results indicate that local governments should strengthen the prevention and abatement of groundwater Cd pollution. This study is the first to systematically evaluate the relationship between groundwater Cd and UCL using internal and external environmental exposure data. These findings provide essential bases for relevant departments to reduce Cd exposure in regions where the heavy metal industry is globally prevalent.     

Enhanced activation of peroxymonosulfate by CNT-TiO2 under UV-light assistance for efficient degradation of organic pollutants

CNT-TiO₂ composite is used to activate PMS under UV-light assistance. Superior performance is due to the enhanced electron-transfer ability of CNT. SO₄•⁻, •OH and ¹O₂ play key roles in the degradation of organic pollutants. In this work, a UV-light assisted peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation system was constructed with the composite catalyst of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT) - titanium dioxide (TiO₂). Under the UV light irradiation, the photoinduced electrons generated from TiO₂ could be continuously transferred to CNT for the activation of PMS to improve the catalytic performance of organic pollutant degradation. Meanwhile, the separation of photoinduced electron-hole pairs could enhance the photocatalysis efficiency. The electron spin resonance spectroscopy (EPR) and quenching experiments confirmed the generation of sulfate radical (SO₄•⁻), hydroxyl radical (•OH) and singlet oxygen (¹O₂) in the UV/PMS/20%CNT-TiO₂ system. Almost 100% phenol degradation was observed within 20 min UV-light irradiation. The kinetic reaction rate constant of the UV/PMS/20%CNT-TiO₂ system (0.18 min⁻¹) was 23.7 times higher than that of the PMS/Co₃O₄ system (0.0076 min⁻¹). This higher catalytic performance was ascribed to the introduction of photoinduced electrons, which could enhance the activation of PMS by the transfer of electrons in the UV/PMS/CNT-TiO₂ system.     

交联壳聚糖对铀的吸附研究

以壳聚糖(CTS)为原料,在碱性条件下用环氧氯丙烷对壳聚糖进行化学改性,制得不溶水的交联壳聚糖(CCTS)。利用CCTS吸附铀(UO22+),探讨吸附动力学规律以及初始浓度,pH值的影响。实验结果表明,CCTS对UO22+的吸附符合Langmu ir吸附等温模型,并能用准二级速率方程对吸附动力学加以描述。当在CCTS为10 mg,pH为3,UO22+初始浓度为50μg/mL条件下,CCTS对UO22+的吸附去除率为98%以上。     

循环水养殖系统中流化床水处理性能及硝化动力学分析

为综合评价流化床生物滤器的水处理性能,选用玻璃珠和石英砂为生物填料,将两滤器应用于罗非鱼循环水养殖系统,探讨了其对养殖水体中营养盐和有机物的去除效果。结果表明,两滤器经过4周的流水挂膜后,生物膜稳定成熟,通过扫描电镜观察填料表面,发现挂膜前后载体表面发生了显著的变化。在优化工况下,以玻璃珠为填料的滤器对TAN的平均去除负荷达到了(346.8±150.5)g/(m3·d),显著高于以石英砂为填料的滤器,但两滤器对COD、BOD5和PO3-4-P的去除率无显著差别,去除率稳定于20%~21.4%、50.1%~58.4%和7.9%~31.9%之间,显示出较好的水处理性能,出水水质符合罗非鱼生长要求。最后,基于Monod方程,拟合了实际工况下以玻璃珠为填料流化床生物滤器的硝化动力学方程,为该滤器在循环水养殖系统中的高效运行和应用提供一定的技术支撑。     

湿地生态地球化学研究进展

湿地生态地球化学研究是湿地研究的核心内容之一, 是研究其物理过程、化学过程和生物过程及其相互关系以及这些过程与湿地功能的关系.回顾了近年来国内外湿地生态地球化学方面的研究成果,介绍了它的概念,并评述了湿地的生态功能、元素地球化学、生物地球化学、湿地模型和3S技术等新技术在湿地研究中的应用等方面的研究进展.提出了中国湿地生态地球化学研究的优先领域,应加强湿地基础理论研究及在湿地的演化、生态过程、界面过程、预测与评价、信息系统等方面的研究.     

Characterizing the risk assessment of heavy metals and sampling uncertainty analysis in paddy field by geostatistics and GIS

For many practical problems in environmental management, information about soil heavy metals, relative to threshold values that may be of practical importance is needed at unsampled sites. The Hangzhou-Jiaxing-Huzhou (HJH) Plain has always been one of the most important rice production areas in Zhejiang province, China, and the soil heavy metal concentration is directly related to the crop quality and ultimately the health of people. Four hundred and fifty soil samples were selected in topsoil in HJH Plain to characterize the spatial variability of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr and Cd. Ordinary kriging and lognormal kriging were carried out to map the spatial patterns of heavy metals and disjunctive kriging was used to quantify the probability of heavy metal concentrations higher than their guide value. Cokriging method was used to minimize the sampling density for Cu, Zn and Cr. The results of this study could give insight into risk assessment of environmental pollution and decision-making for agriculture.     

路面径流的大肠菌群污染及其雨水花园处理

调查了上海市区路面径流中大肠菌群的污染状况,分析了径流中大肠菌群含量的主要影响因素,采用雨水花园模拟柱,考察雨水花园对城市路面径流中大肠菌群的去除效果。结果表明,上海市区地面道路径流中总大肠菌群、粪大肠菌群的均值分别为2.28×106、9.48×105cfu/100 m L,污染较严重,径流中大肠菌群含量与气温呈正相关;雨水花园对径流中大肠菌群具有良好的去除效果,不同模拟柱平均去除率范围在92.4%~99.5%。填料深度和水力停留时间是影响雨水花园对大肠菌群去除效果的主要因素。长期运行后,填料中没有大肠菌群的积累,雨水花园对大肠菌群的去除效果可保持长期稳定。     

城市模化垃圾焚烧烟气中二氧化硫的生态特性

对模化广州市城市生活垃圾进行焚烧处理 ,从燃烧温度、炉内停留时间、过量空气系数以及垃圾尺寸等方面研究了 SO2 的生成特性和控制条件。     

Effective adsorption of quadrivalent cerium by synthesized laurylsulfonate green rust in a central composite design

The layered laurylsulfonate intercalated green rust (lauryl-S GR) was synthesized to evaluate the influence of synthesis parameters and aqueous conditions on the adsorption of Ce^IV. The maximum adsorption capacity of 305.58 mg/g by lauryl-S GR was predictably obtained. The pseudo-first-order kinetic model was appropriate in fitting the whole uptake process in a weak acid environment. Three isotherm models including Langmuir, Freundlich, and Tempkin were all reliable in depicting the isotherm adsorption process. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of lauryl-S GR towards Ce^IV was 315.46 mg/g. Ce species including CeO and Ce₂O₃ besides CeO₂ were matched in the XPS distribution, directly indicating the reduction reaction brought by Fe^II in the GR occurred to hydrated Ce^IV ions during the adsorption. Nano-sized Ce particles attached to the lauryl-S GRs after the adsorption experiments were observed in the morphological characterization. Flocculated materials were formed on the surface of the lauryl-S GR at a pH of 7, which further reduced the active sites and disrupted the continuous uptake of Ce^IV to the lauryl-S GR. This study expands the application of GRs and supplies an ideal iron-based material for the construction of the affiliated recovery pathway to the traditional separation of Ce.     

Photocatalytic remediation of γ-hexachlorocyclohexane contaminated soils using TiO2 and montmorillonite composite photocatalyst

TiO2 and montmorillonite composite photocatalysts were prepared and applied in degrading γ-hexachlorocyclohexane(γ-HCH)in soils.After being spiked with γ-HCH,soil samples loaded with the composite photocatalysts were exposed to UV-light irradiation.The results indicated that the photocatalytic activities of the composite photocatalysts varied with the content of TiO2 in the order of 10%＜70%＜50%＜30%.Moreover,the photocatalytic activity of the composite photocatalysts with TiO2 content 30% was higher than that of the pure P25 with the same mass of TiO2.The strong adsorption capacity of the composite photocatalysts and quantum size effect may contribute to its increased photocatalytic activities.In addition,effect of dosage of composite photocatalysts and soil pH on γ-HCH photodegradation was investigated. Pentachlorocyclohexene,trichlorocyclohexene,and dichlorobenzene were detected as photodegradation intermediates,which were gradually degraded with tlle phOtOdegradation evolution.