废弃农药厂污染场地土壤浸出液的急性毒性和遗传毒性筛查

污染土地再开发是城市土地可持续利用的关键。为进行废弃农药厂的生态风险评价,采集常州市某废弃农药厂污染场地6个不同区域的土壤样品(编号为S1、S2、S3、S4、S5和S6),选取发光细菌、大型溞和蚕豆根尖细胞为试验生物,运用成组生物毒性试验对6个土壤样品的浸出液进行生物毒性检测。结果表明:6个土壤样品的浸出液都具有急性毒性和遗传毒性;发光菌和大型溞急性毒性试验表明,S3和S5的土壤浸出液毒性最高,S6的土壤浸出液毒性最低;蚕豆根尖微核遗传毒性试验表明S3和S5的土壤浸出液毒性最高,S4和S6的土壤浸出液毒性最低。蚕豆根尖微核遗传毒性试验结果与发光菌和大型溞急性毒性效应基本相同,表明成组生物毒性测试法可以用于污染土壤浸出液的毒性评价。污染物质和毒性检测结果的相关性分析结果表明,土壤中所含污染物种类和浓度已经对土壤毒性效应产生影响,结合化学分析与生物毒性检测可为污染场地进行综合评价与风险评估提供依据。     

2种鼠尾草对模拟酸雨胁迫的耐受性比较及其生理机制研究

为探究2种具有较高药用和观赏价值的鼠尾草对酸雨的耐受性及其生理机制,以美丽鼠尾草(Salvia meiliensis S.W.Su)和贵州鼠尾草(S. cavaleriei Lévl.)为试验材料,分析了2种鼠尾草在不同pH(6.8、5.6、4.5、3.5和2.5)模拟酸雨胁迫下伤害等级、叶绿素含量、抗氧化酶活性以及丙二醛和有机渗透调节物质含量的变化。结果显示：模拟酸雨对美丽鼠尾草的伤害程度高于贵州鼠尾草;随pH的下降,2种鼠尾草叶片叶绿素a、b和总含量逐渐降低,但贵州鼠尾草叶片叶绿素a、b和总含量高于美丽鼠尾草,并以较高的叶绿素a/b适应模拟酸雨胁迫;2种鼠尾草在模拟酸雨胁迫下产生了适应性反应,表现为叶片可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸含量以及超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性的升高,但这一适应性反应被降低的过氧化氢酶活性严重削弱;模拟酸雨胁迫下,贵州鼠尾草叶片SOD、POD和CAT活性均高于美丽鼠尾草,叶片MDA含量低于美丽鼠尾草。研究表明,尽管美丽鼠尾草渗透调节能力很强,但其抗氧化酶活性、叶绿素含量和叶绿素a/b都低于贵州鼠尾草,使其膜脂过氧化程度较高、对光能的吸收和转化效率较低,是其对模拟酸雨的耐受性低于贵州鼠尾草的重要原因。     

Pollution of hazardous substances in industrial construction and demolition wastes and their multi-path risk within an abandoned pesticide manufacturing plant

Exploration of heavy metals and organic pollutants, their leaching capacity along with health and environmental risks in contaminated industrial construction and demolition waste (ICDW) within a pesticide manufacturing plant were investigated. A maximum content of 90.8 mg?kg^–1 Cd was found present in the wastes, which might originate from phosphorus rocks and industrial sulfuric acid used in pesticide production processes. An average concentration of 979.8 mg?kg^–1 dichlorovos and other 11 organophosphorus pesticide were also detected. Relatively high leaching rates of around 4.14‰were obtained from laboratory simulated ICDW using both glacial acetic acid-sodium hydroxide and deionized water. Pesticide pollutants had the strongest tendency to retaining on dry bricks (leaching rate 1.68‰) compared to mortar-coatings, etc. due to their different physical characteristics and octanol-water partioning coefficient. Mobility of pesticide from on-site ICDW by water was spatially correlated to waste types, process sections and human activities, with a flux of leaching rate between 5.9‰ to 27.4%. Risk-based corrective action (RBCA) model was used to simulate the risk of contaminated ICDW debris randomly scattered. Oral and dermal ingestion amount by local workers was 9.8 × 10^–3 and 1.9 × 10^–2 mg?(kg?d)^–1, respectively. Potential leaching risk to aquatic systems exceeded the limit for nearly 75% waste. Environmental and health risk exceedance was found in most ICDW, while the risk value of the most severely contaminated brick waste was 660 times beyond critical level. Implications for waste management involving construction and deconstruction work, waste transferring and regulation supplying were also provided.

Open image in new window

     

The role of solubility on the rejection of trace organics by nanofiltration membrane: exemplified with disinfection by-products

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Interactions of trace organic compounds (TOrCs) with polymeric nanofiltration (NF) membrane can affect their rejection. It is desirable to investigate...     

Light absorption by water-soluble organic carbon in atmospheric fine particles in the central Tibetan Plateau

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Brown carbon (BrC) has recently received much attention because of its light absorption features. The chemical compositions, optical properties, and...     

The acute toxicity of bisphenol A and lignin-derived bisphenol in algae,daphnids, and Japanese medaka

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Risk assessing newly synthesized chemicals prior to their applications is extremely important, if we want to ensure substitution of risky chemicals...     

Enhancing the Ability of a Soil Moisture‐based Index for Agricultural Drought Monitoring by Incorporating Root Distribution

Agricultural drought differs from meteorological, hydrological, and socioeconomic drought, being closely related to soil water availability in the root zone, specifically for crop and crop growth stage. In previous studies, several soil moisture indices (e.g., the soil moisture index, soil water deficit index) based on soil water availability have been developed for agricultural drought monitoring. However, when developing these indices, it was generally assumed that soil water availability to crops was equal throughout the root zone, and the effects of root distribution and crop growth stage on soil water uptake were ignored. This article aims to incorporate root distribution into a soil moisture‐based index and to evaluate the performance of the improved soil moisture index for agricultural drought monitoring. The Huang‐Huai‐Hai Plain of China was used as the study area. Overall, soil moisture indices were significantly correlated with the crop moisture index (CMI), and the improved root‐weighted soil moisture index (RSMI) was more closely related to the CMI than averaged soil moisture indices. The RSMI correctly identified most of the observed drought events and performed well in the detection of drought levels. Furthermore, the RSMI had a better performance than averaged soil moisture indices when compared to crop yield. In conclusion, soil moisture indices could improve agricultural drought monitoring by incorporating root distribution.     

次氯酸钠废液活化法制备柚子皮活性炭

以柚子皮为原料,采用次氯酸钠废液活化法制备了柚子皮活性炭,通过正交实验优化了制备条件,并运用SEM、FTIR和XRD技术对活性炭产品进行了表征。实验结果表明:制备柚子皮活性炭的最佳工艺条件为炭化温度350℃、次氯酸钠废液含量25%(φ)、次氯酸钠废液活化时间25 min、高温活化温度650℃、高温活化时间60 min;最佳条件下,柚子皮活性炭的产率为31.88%、碘吸附值为854 mg/g、亚甲基蓝吸附值为216.9 mg/g。表征结果显示:活化后的柚子皮炭具有更大的孔体积、更有序的孔径排布和更发达的孔隙结构;柚子皮活性炭表面存在大量的含氧基团;柚子皮活性炭的石墨化度为61.32%,具有较高的稳定性。     

薏米壳生物炭的制备及其对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附性能

采用限氧控温热分解法在不同温度下制备了薏米壳生物炭。研究了薏米壳生物炭对低浓度Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附性能及吸附机理。随碳化温度升高,薏米壳管状通道微孔结构逐渐显现,薏米壳生物炭表面芳香化程度增强。薏米壳生物炭对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附行为采用Langmuir等温吸附模型吻合度更高,吸附属于单分子层化学吸附,吸附过程是自发的、熵增吸热反应,吸附过程遵循准二级吸附动力学模型,膜扩散和颗粒内扩散共同控制吸附过程。     

Effect of organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW)-based biochar on organic carbon mineralization in a dry land soil

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The purpose of this study was to investigate the priming effects of organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW)-based biochar on...