废弃油基钻井液无害化处理技术与工艺进展

文章分析了近几年国内外废弃油基钻井液处理技术的研究进展,重点介绍了热解吸技术、摩擦热解吸技术、超临界流体萃取技术、化学反应-强化分离+无害化处理技术、超声波与化学破乳剂相结合技术以及除油剂-闪蒸回收技术等。分别对其处理废弃油基钻井液的作用原理、主要过程、处理效率及技术优缺点进行阐述,并对各种技术的优缺点进行了比较。     

高95井硫化氢处理及防治措施研究

文章分析总结了硫化氢对钻井的影响及在钻井中应注意的事项,并结合胜利油田高95井现场取芯钻井过程中硫化氢六次高显示的处理工艺,提出了主要防治措施,对该区块的高含硫化氢井有参考借鉴价值。     

利用多孔陶珠固定化微生物细胞处理印染废水的研究

用自制多孔陶珠载体固定脱色混合菌,在不同pH、温度、增补营养浓度、固定化细胞与废水比率等条件对印染废水的脱色进行了试验.在最适条件下进行填充柱式反应器作扩大处理印染废水,脱色效果良好.     

Isolation and characterization of an Alcaligenes sp. strain DG-5 capable of degrading DDTs under aerobic conditions

In this study, an Alcaligenes sp. strain DG-5 that can effectively degrade dichlorodiphenyltrichloro-ethanes (DDTs) under aerobic conditions was isolated from DDTs-contaminated sediment. Various factors that affect the biodegradation of DDTs by DG-5 were investigated. About 88 %, 65 % and 45 % of the total DDTs were consumed within 120 h when their initial concentrations were 0.5, 5 and 15 mg L?1, respectively. However, almost no degradation was observed when their concentration was increased to 30 mg L?1, but the addition of nutrients significantly improved the degradation, and 66 % and 90 % of the total DDTs were degraded at 336 h in the presence of 5 g L?1 peptone and yeast extract, respectively. Moreover, the addition of 20 mM formate also enhanced the ability of DG-5 to transform DDTs, and its DDT transformation capacity (T(c)) value was increased by 1.8 - 2.7 fold for the pure (p,p'-DDT or o,p'-DDT only) and mixed systems (p,p'-DDT, o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD and p,p'-DDE). Furthermore, it was found that competitive inhibition in the biodegradation by DDT compounds occurred in the mixed system.     

高声能密度超声波破碎污泥细胞效能的研究

采用超声波在较高声能密度下处理SBR的剩余污泥,主要考察了含固率、声能密度和作用时间对污泥细胞破碎效果的影响。结果表明,在声能密度0.5～3 W/mL内,含固率1%～1.5%的剩余污泥经超声波作用后,上清液SCOD随作用时间呈线性升高;在声能密度1～3 W/mL内,含固率0.25%～0.5%的剩余污泥经超声波作用后,上清液SCOD随作用时间呈平缓缓慢升高。高声能密度超声波更适合对较高含固率污泥的细胞破碎;此情况下,上清液SCOD增幅、NH4＋-N、TN及TP升幅均与声能密度正相关。经超声波作用6 min后,污泥形态结构已破坏。     

草甘膦母液膜分离的电渗析预处理

研究了用电渗析法去除草甘膦母液中影响膜通量的亚磷酸根,主要考察了pH值、工作电压、反应时间和温度等因素对亚磷酸根去除率的影响,并对电渗析预处理后母液纳滤膜分离的膜通量进行实验验证。实验表明：淡化液、浓缩液流量为30 L/h,pH值约为8.1,工作电压为20 V,反应时间为2 h左右,温度〈30℃时,电渗析对母液中亚磷酸...     

UASB反应器中厌氧氨氧化菌的影响因素研究

在UASB反应器中接种实验室已经驯化好的厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥,对其进行厌氧氨氧化菌活性提高和影响因素的实验研究。研究表明厌氧氨氧化菌对NH4＋-N和N02--N的适宜浓度负荷均为200mg／L,适宜水力停留时间HRT、温度、pH和进水基质比（N02--N／NH4＋-N）分别为2h、30～35℃、7．5～8．5和0．95～1．2,NH4＋-N、NO2--N和TN的平均去除率分别为97．1％、98．3％和92．7％。     

络合凝胶法合成Al掺杂纳米ZnO及其光催化性能

氧化锌(ZnO)纳米粉体是一种重要的可用来降解有机污染物的光催化剂。然而,纯的ZnO仅仅能够吸收紫外光和部分可见光,不能够充分利用太阳光。采用了一种络合凝胶法来合成掺杂Al的ZnO纳米粉体。所制备出来的纳米颗粒尺寸在20～50 nm之间,它不仅对波长范围在200～400 rm之间的紫外光有很强的吸收,而且对波长范围在4...     

Analysis of surface and aerosol polarized reflectance for aerosol retrievals from polarized remote sensing in PRD urban region

A precise estimate of polarization induced by surface is crucial for polarized remote sensing dedicated to monitoring aerosol properties over urban area. The accurate knowledge of interaction between surface and aerosol polarized reflectance is essential for accurately achieving aerosol properties. In order to study surface and aerosol polarized reflectance for aerosol retrievals over urban area, a new airborne directional polarimetric camera (DPC) with high spatial resolution (4 m at 4000 m a.g.l) was developed. The surface polarized reflectance over distinct surface covers of urban area (forest, shrub, and soil) were studied using DPC measurements during a field campaign in the Pearl River Delta (PRD), China. The large variations were found in surface polarized reflectance of distinct urban covers due to surface type variability. For all surface types, the empirical BPDF model cannot describe accurately surface polarized reflectance at all possible illumination and observation geometries. From the quantitatively study of relationship between surface and aerosol polarized contribution to DPC measurements, we show that the polarized contributions of aerosol, which optical properties were defined by ground-based measurements, are much larger than the polarized contribution of surface, and found that the polarized contribution of surface covers increases with decreasing NDVI. The effect of polarization accuracy of measurements on aerosol retrieval was also investigated using DPC measurements, and found that 0.1% polarization accuracy of measurements can be neglected when AOD is retrieved using polarized measurements. Based on the information of effects of polarized reflectance differences between distinct surface covers and polarization accuracy of polarized measurements on retrieved aerosols over urban area, we found that the accuracy of aerosol retrieval over forest covers is higher than other surface types using polarized remote sensing.     

利用化学强化分离-无害化技术处理废弃油基钻井液

废弃油基钻井液因其含有油类、重金属、有机物等污染物,属国家危险废弃物,处理难度大.通过大量室内实验研究,首次采用化学强化分离-无害化技术处理废弃油基钻井液,研制了新型清油剂和无害化处理药剂,回收了废弃油基钻井液中的油类,油回收率达90%以上.回收油的品质好,除机械杂质和灰分指标外,所测的几项指标均达到GB252-200...