Impact of soluble organic matter and particulate organic matter on anammox system: Performance,microbial community and N2O production

In this study,the effects of soluble readily biodegradable COD (sCOD) and particulate slowly biodegradable COD (pCOD) on anammox process were investigated.The results of the longterm experiment indicated that a low sCOD/N ratio of 0.5 could accelerate the anammox and denitrification activity,to reach as high as 84.9%±2.8% TN removal efficiency.Partial denitrification-anammox (PDN/anammox) and denitrification were proposed as the major pathways for nitrogen removal,accounting for 91.3% and 8.7% o...     

Effects of disinfection efficiency on microbial communities and corrosion processes in drinking water distribution systems simulated with actual running conditions

The effects of disinfection efficiency on microbial communities and the corrosion of cast iron pipes in drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) were studied. Two annular reactors (ARs) that simulated actual running conditions with UV/Cl₂ disinfection and chlorination alone were used. High chlorine consumption and corrosion rate were found in the AR with UV/Cl₂. According to functional genes and pyrosequencing tests, a high percentage of iron recycling bacteria was detected within the biofilm of the AR with Cl₂ at early running stage, whereas siderophore-producing bacteria were dominant in the biofilm of the AR with UV/Cl_2. At the early running stage, the sequential use of UV light and an initial high chlorine dosage suppressed the biomass and iron-recycling bacteria in both bulk water and biofilms, thereby forming less protective scales against further corrosion, which enhanced chlorine consumption. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis showed that the bacterial communities in the ARs shaped from within rather than being imported by influents. These results indicate that the initial high disinfection efficiency within the distribution system had not contributed to the accumulation of iron-recycling bacteria at the early running stages. This study offer certain implications for controlling corrosion and water quality in DWDSs.     

Role of hydrogen bond capacity of solvents in reactions of amines with CO2: A computational study

Various computational methods were employed to investigate the zwitterion formation,a critical step for the reaction of monoethanolamine with CO₂,in five solvents(water,monoethanolamine,propylamine,methanol and chloroform) to probe the effect of hydrogen bond capacity of solvents on the reaction of amine with CO₂ occurring in the amine-based CO₂ capture process.The results indicate that the zwitterion can be formed in all considered solvents except chloroform.For...     

二噁英分析检测方法研究进展及展望

二噁英是系列多氯代二苯并二噁英和多氯代二苯并呋喃的总称,是广泛存在于几乎整个生态系统如空气、土壤、底质、生物体中的一组剧毒致癌物质.它们通过各种燃烧过程、化学制造、工业生产等途径进入环境,并在环境中长期滞留和生物体内富集,给人类带来一系列毒副作用:如生殖、生长毒性、内分泌毒性、免疫抑制作用以及致癌性.本文首先对二噁英进行概述,并对其污染状况进行分析.在此基础上,阐述了二噁英分析方法的研究进展,最后论述了中国二噁英检测的进程.中国二噁英研究任重而道远,仍为今后研究重点和热点.     

太阳能电池生产废水处理工程设计

太阳能电池作为一种清洁能源,应用越来越广泛,然而其生产废水中因含有大量F-及酸碱物质,腐蚀性强,治理困难。采用石灰乳+CaCl2+PAC混凝沉淀工艺处理太阳能电池生产废水。工程设计规模为浓含氟废水7 m3/d、稀含氟废水200 m3/d、酸碱性废水200 m3/d、含IPA废水1 m3/d,经过3个多月的调试运行,出水中ρ(COD)≤500 mg/L,ρ(BOD5)≤300 mg/L,ρ(SS)≤400 mg/L,pH保持在6～9,ρ(F-)≤20 mg/L,达到GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》三级标准。废水处理工艺紧凑,处理效果好、运行稳定、具有推广价值。     

Historical trends of PCBs and PBDEs as reconstructed in a lake sediment from southern Tibetan Plateau

High-altitude lake sediment can be used as a natural archive to reconstruct the history of pollutants. In this work, the temporal distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs) were determined using a high-resolution gas chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometer(HRGC/HRMS) in an alpine lake sediment core collected from the southern Tibetan Plateau(TP) to examine whether the expected decreasing trends due to the implementation of the ...     

洛门镇响河沟泥石流危险性评价与危险范围预测

洛门镇响河沟泥石流给当地人民生命财产、交通安全构成了一定威胁.为了给合理制定泥石流防治方案和进行泥石流工程设计提供依据,文章采用泥石流最大危险范围预测模型进行了危险性评价和最大危险范围的预测.评价和预测结果表明:响河沟泥石流危险程度基本属于显著危险,最大危险范围较大,符合实际情况,对泥石流沟道的治理有一定的指导意义.     

褐色土地利益相关者的环境冲突及其解决途径初探

随着中国城市化进程的不断加快,城市土地资源日益稀缺,褐色土地的再开发戊为城市土地资源可持续利用的重要手段。在褐色土地开发过程中难免会涉及政府、企业、居民、工业企业、开发商、金融机构、媒体等多方利益相关主体,并引发错综复杂的利益纠纷与冲突。在倡导构建和谐社会的今天,对褐色土地利益相关者间的相互关系、环境冲突及其解决办法的研究也就具有重要的现实意义。     

Chromosomal and subchromosomal anomalies associated to small for gestational age fetuses with no additional structural anomalies

Objectives: To assess the chromosomal and subchromosomal anomalies in small for gestational age (SGA) fetuses with no additional structural anomalies and their clinical outcomes. Methods: This study retrospectively reviewed the 128 SGA fetuses with no additional anomalies and underwent genetic testing with karyotyping and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA). Stratified analysis was performed according to the existence of maternal risk factors for SGA (yes or no), gestational age at onset (before or after 32 weeks), presence of oligohydraminos (yes or no), and umbilical artery Doppler flow (normal or abnormal). Results: Chromosomal anomalies were identified in 6 (4.7%) SGA fetuses and pathogenic subchromosomal anomalies in 4 (3.1%) by microarray analysis. Chromosomal and subchromosomal anomalies were more frequently observed in cases with oligohydraminos (P = .017) and with early-onset SGA (P = .042). No differences were observed in relation to the existence of maternal risk factors and abnormal umbilical artery Doppler flow. Overall survival rate was 75.0% with different rates in the early and the late onset group (P < .001). Conclusions: There is a 3.3% incremental yield of subchromosomal anomalies in CMA above karyotyping in SGA fetuses. Chromosomal microarray analysis is recommended in SGA fetuses with no additional structural anomalies, especially coexisting with oligohydraminos and being early onset.