乙二醇生产废水中特征污染物含量的测定

建立了气相色谱(氢火焰离子化检测器)检测乙二醇生产废水中乙二醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇含量的新方法。该方法采用HP-FFAP型毛细管色谱柱,优化的色谱条件为:进样口温度230℃,初始柱温50℃,载气流量1.0mL/min,分流比1∶1。在质量浓度为1.0~150.0mg/L范围内,废水中各组分色谱峰面积与浓度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数均在0.9989~0.9996之间;相对标准偏差均小于2.0％;乙二醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇的最低检出限分别为0.63,0.21,0.25mg/L,加标回收率为97.72％~103.52％。     

南京大气细粒子中重金属污染特征及来源解析简

利用2011年1月、4月、7月和10月在南京市区和北郊采集的气溶胶样品,研究了南京大气细粒子中Zn、Pb、Hg、As和Cd 5种重金属的污染水平,通过元素相关性分析和因子分析方法,对细粒子中这些重金属的污染来源进行了初步解析。结果表明,南京大气细粒子及其重金属污染严重,北郊普遍比市区严重;As严重超标,Cd在南京北郊超标约5倍,Zn在市区与北郊的质量浓度均高于其他重金属元素。每种重金属的浓度均随季节而变化。市区细粒子中,As和Zn可能主要与燃煤、轮胎灰尘和建筑扬尘等有关,Pb、Hg和Cd主要来自交通尘、城市垃圾焚烧等。北郊细粒子中,As、Hg和Zn主要来源于燃煤、钢铁冶炼等工业,Pb和Cd主要与农作物秸秆燃烧、汽车尾气、道路扬尘等影响有关。     

基于Fluent多喷嘴喷雾干涉数值模拟分析

对于发尘强度大的尘源,需要布置多个喷嘴进行联合抑制,多个喷嘴联合布置会伴有干涉现象。干涉区域雾滴之间的相互碰撞和再次破碎在微雾除尘过程中起着重要作用。同时,喷嘴数量和位置也显著影响整体雾化效果。为了进一步了解雾滴在运动过程中发生的一系列动力学事件,基于碰撞模型、破碎模型以及蒸发模型,采用UDF方法对雾化场进行了数值模拟,模拟结果表明,增加喷嘴数目可以适当提高雾滴粒径分布的均匀性,进而提高除尘效率;随着雾化压力提高,雾滴初始动能增加,对小于5μm的呼吸性粉尘有很好的除尘效果。     

PCBs, PCNs and PBDEs in sediments and mussels from Qingdao coastal sea in the frame of current circulations and influence of sewage sludge

Influence of current circulation and sewage sludge on spatial distributions of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in sediments and mussels from the Qingdao coastal sea were investigated. Total concentrations of PCBs, PCNs and PBDEs in sediments ranged 6.5-32.9, 0.2-1.2, and 0.1-5.5 ngg(-1) dry wt, respectively. The maximum concentrations were all found near the Haibo River mouth, affected by sewage sludge input from the river. Under the current system in Jiaozhou Bay the organic pollutants were subject to deposit on the east side of the bay and trapped inside the bay. Sewage sludge was an important source of PCBs, PCNs and PBDEs in the bay and exponentially magnified the enrichment of PCBs. On the other hand, the congener profiles of PCBs in sediments outside the bay may signify an atmospheric source of PCBs. Total Concentrations of PCBs, PCNs and PBDEs in mussels were 61.4-88.6, 9.0, and 13.8 ngg(-1)lipid, respectively. Mussels enriched significantly PCBs, PCNs and PBDEs relative to the sediments. The total toxicity equivalent quantities (TEQs) of PCNs in mussels were generally lower than that of PCBs. The fluxes of the total PCBs and their TEQs have been decreased steadily since 1950s. The lower chlorinated/brominated congeners of PCNs and PBDEs may exhibit a greater tendency due to less lipophilic and thus a greater probability of being affected by the current circulation in the bay.     

A fuzzy composting process model

Composting processes are normally complicated with a variety of uncertainties arising from incomplete or imprecise information obtained in real-world systems. Previously, there has been a lack of studies that focused on developing effective approaches to incorporate such uncertainties within composting process models. To fill this gap, a fuzzy composting process model (FCPM) for simulating composting process under uncertainty was developed. This model was mainly based on integration of a fractional fuzzy vertex method and a comprehensive composting model. Degrees of influence by projected uncertain factors were also examined. Two scenarios were investigated in applying the FCPM method. In the first scenario, model simulation under deterministic conditions was conducted. A pilot-scale experiment was provided for verifications. The result indicated that the proposed composting model could provide an excellent vehicle for demonstrating the complex interactions that occurred in the composting process. In the second scenario, application of the proposed FCPM was conducted under uncertainties. Six input parameters were considered to be of uncertain features that were reflected as fuzzy membership functions. The results indicated that the uncertainties projected in input parameters will result in significant derivations on system predictions; the proposed FCPM can generate satisfactory system outputs, with less computational efforts being required. Analyses on degree of influence of system inputs were also provided to describe the impacts of uncertainties on system responses. Thus, suitable measures can be adopted either to reduce system uncertainty by well-directed reduction of uncertainties of those high-influencing parameters or to reduce the computational requirement by neglecting those negligible factors.     

工资发放管理系统

Foxpro是一种方便的图形化数据库开发语言。笔者利用它编写了一个简单实用的工资发放管理系统软件。本文从该软件的设计思想、实施方法、难点分析、使用效果等几个方面介绍和论述。     

监测井在化工厂区土壤和地下水污染监测中的应用

文章分析了监测井在化工厂区土壤和地下水污染监测中的应用 ,指出对化工厂区土壤和地下水污染进行有效监测的必要性 ,并探讨化工厂区监测井的整体规划和设计。     

天津市工业污染源结构分析与产业政策建议

文章通过对天津市工业污染源结构分析,确定了天津市工业污染的重点工业行业、重点污染物排放区域以及各区域的重点排污行业,并在此基础上提出了天津市工业发展的产业政策建议。     

聚合物钻井废液的处理研究

文章采用化学处理方法对聚合物钻井废液进行处理,先对其进行破胶混凝处理,再固液分离,最后固化处理。通过对几种主要处理剂的加量以及配伍性的研究,得出最优处理配方,经最优配方处理后的固化物浸出液监测指标均较好,其中色度、pH值及COD监测指标均能达到GB 8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》一级标准,减少了聚合物钻井废液对环境的污染。     

水解酸化—膜生物反应器处理印染废水

采用平行比较实验,研究了加入聚合硫酸铝铁(PAFS)的水解酸化—膜生物反应器(MBR)工艺(1号系统)和未加PAFS的水解酸化—MBR工艺(2号系统)对模拟印染废水(简称废水)的处理效果和膜污染状况。实验结果表明,PAFS所形成的含铁含铝活性污泥可以提高废水的COD去除率和脱色率。运行期间1号系统膜污染引起的系统抽吸压力增长速率远小于2号系统。污染膜表面的电子显微镜照片表明加入PAFS后减缓了MBR中活性污泥在膜表面的沉积。1号系统膜组件的污染主要是Fe3+、Al3+及它们的氢氧化物为主的无机物在膜表面和膜孔内沉积所形成;2号系统的膜污染以微生物及其有机代谢产物所形成的污泥层附着为主。