新疆吉木乃诸河水体氢氧同位素和水化学特征

利用2018年6月和11月在新疆吉木乃诸河流域采集的河水、冰雪融水和降水样品,对流域水体的水化学成分和氢氧稳定同位素(D,~(18)O)组成的时间和空间特征进行了系统研究.结果表明,吉木乃诸河在丰水期和枯水期阳离子均以Ca~(2+)为主,阴离子以HCO~-_3为主,其次分别为Na~+和SO_4~(2-).在空间上,Na~+、Mg~(2+)、SO_4~(2-)、Cl~-随着海拔的降低呈增加趋势.通过Piper图可以判断出,吉木乃诸河水化学类型为HCO_3-Ca型.利用Gibbs图可知流域内主要离子组成与各类岩石的风化作用有关,大气降水和蒸发作用的影响相对较小.结合当地的水文地质情况,运用离子含量比值法,可以发现离子主要来源于流域内碳酸盐风化和含硫矿物的氧化.丰水期吉木乃诸河地表水中δ~(18)O和δD较枯水期高,冰川融水的同位素值没有明显的季节变化,降水中的同位素值季节变化较大,其区域大气降水线方程为δD=7.5δ~(18)O+5.4 (R~2=0.99).吉木乃诸河河水中稳定同位素与海拔呈现正相关关系,主要原因是蒸发作用的增加,地表水同位素值偏负.该区域地表径流与冰川融水密切相关,冰川融水对该流域水资源的补给贡献较大.     

Biofiltration and disinfection codetermine the bacterial antibiotic resistome in drinking water: A review and meta-analysis

• Published data was used to analyze the fate of ARGs in water treatment. • Biomass removal leads to the reduction in absolute abundance of ARGs. • Mechanism that filter biofilm maintain ARB/ARGs was summarized. • Potential BAR risks caused by biofiltration and chlorination were proposed. The bacterial antibiotic resistome (BAR) is one of the most serious contemporary medical challenges. The BAR problem in drinking water is receiving growing attention. In this study, we focused on the distribution, changes, and health risks of the BAR throughout the drinking water treatment system. We extracted the antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) data from recent publications and analyzed ARG profiles based on diversity, absolute abundance, and relative abundance. The absolute abundance of ARG was found to decrease with water treatment processes and was positively correlated with the abundance of 16S rRNA (r² = 0.963, p<0.001), indicating that the reduction of ARG concentration was accompanied by decreasing biomass. Among treatment processes, biofiltration and chlorination were discovered to play important roles in shaping the bacterial antibiotic resistome. Chlorination exhibited positive effects in controlling the diversity of ARG, while biofiltration, especially granular activated carbon filtration, increased the diversity of ARG. Both biofiltration and chlorination altered the structure of the resistome by affecting relative ARG abundance. In addition, we analyzed the mechanism behind the impact of biofiltration and chlorination on the bacterial antibiotic resistome. By intercepting influent ARG-carrying bacteria, biofilters can enrich various ARGs and maintain ARGs in biofilm. Chlorination further selects bacteria co-resistant to chlorine and antibiotics. Finally, we proposed the BAR health risks caused by biofiltration and chlorination in water treatment. To reduce potential BAR risk in drinking water, membrane filtration technology and water boiling are recommended at the point of use.     

High heterogeneity of bacterioplankton community shaped by spatially structured environmental factors in West Lake,a typical urban lake in eastern China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Elucidating the bacterioplankton spatial distribution patterns and its determinants is a central topic in ecological research. However, research on...     

Compartmentation and effects of lead (Pb) in the collembolan,Folsomia candida

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The impact of soil lead (Pb) pollution on survival, growth, and reproduction of the collembolan, Folsomia candida, and Pb compartmentation in its gut...     

京杭运河杭州段水体污染和细菌群落结构特征

为了解人类活动对城市河道水体污染和细菌群落的影响,选取京杭运河杭州段进行了分季节采样研究。测定了水体的环境与水质参数,分析了细菌丰度、胞外酶活性和群落结构变化。结果显示,从上游到下游,水体中高锰酸盐指数、氨氮、总氮以及细菌丰度和β-葡萄糖苷酶活性大体呈递增趋势,冬季水体总体污染水平及细菌丰度均显著高于其他季节。水体中细菌的主要种类集中在变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacterioidetes)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和蓝藻门(Cyanobacteria),所占比例分别为37.8%、24.3%、18.9%、10.8%和8.1%,属于黄杆菌(Flavobacterium)、厚壁菌(Firmicutes bacterium)和放线菌(Actinobacterium)的细菌是水体中大多数时间的优势细菌。限制性排序分析显示,水体细菌群落结构从上游到下游差异明显,高锰酸盐指数和总氮是关键影响因子。杭州市区由人类活动产生的污染物输入是京杭运河杭州段的主要污染源,水体细菌群落对水体污染物的变化有着明显的响应。     

我国边疆城镇精细化管理技术研究∗

智慧城市的发展对城市安全提出了更高的要求,提升城市管理与应急反应水平是提高城市安全水平的重要保障。城市三维场景快速重建与精细化管理是智慧城市构建的重要支撑技术。针对我国边疆城镇地区社会稳定和公共安全管理的应用需求,提出了航天、航空、地面、室内外一体化的数据采集与处理方法,解决了基于高性能计算的大规模倾斜三维影像数据快速建模关键技术。以我国西部边疆典型城镇新疆库尔勒市为试验区,开发城市精细化管理系统,实现城市人口信息的精细化管理及突发事件应急响应预案的动态模拟等应用功能,验证了研究内容的合理性与实用性。