纳米二氧化钛与磷互作对莱茵衣藻砷累积与生物转化的影响

纳米材料因其较大的比表面积以及较强的反应活性,对砷（As）的环境行为具有一定的调控作用,而这可能对微藻As吸收代谢产生潜在的影响。以模式生物莱茵衣藻（Chlamydomonas reinhardtii）为研究对象,探究不同磷酸盐（PO₄ ³⁻）浓度下,纳米二氧化钛（nano-TiO₂）对莱茵衣藻中As(Ⅴ)累积和生物转化的影响。结果表明：暴露初期（第1天）nano-TiO₂作为载体显著促进了0.013、0.100和0.500 mmol/L PO₄ ³⁻处理组藻细胞对As的累积,但随着暴露时间的延长,nano-TiO₂的载体效应呈下降趋势;暴露结束后（第8天）,nano-TiO₂添加组中,进入藻细胞的As(Ⅴ)除了还原成As(Ⅲ)及甲基化成二甲基砷外,还能进一步转化为一种可能为砷糖的未知化合物,且随着PO₄ ³⁻浓度的降低,藻细胞内这种砷糖所占比例逐渐增加,这可能会抑制As(Ⅲ)的外排;暴露结束后（第8天）,培养基中主要检测到的As形态为As(Ⅴ)和As(Ⅲ),1.0和0.5 mmol/L处理组还有少量二甲基砷。nano-TiO₂的添加降低了培养基中As(Ⅲ)的浓度,尤其是0.5和1.0 mmol/L PO₄ ³⁻处理组。研究结果表明,纳米材料与PO₄ ³⁻的互作可显著改变微藻As的累积与代谢过程。

     

焦炉排放多环芳烃与人体健康风险评价研究

焦炉炼焦产生多环芳烃物质(PAHs)具有较强毒性和致癌作用,本研究以某大型钢铁企业焦炉为例,采用AERMOD扩散模式来预测分析焦炉排放PAHs共13种污染物在大气中迁移扩散情况,采用BREEZE Risk Analyst根据人体健康风险评价导则HHRAP计算评价范围内受体人群PAHs污染物致癌和危害指数,对焦炉排放PAHs的健康风险进行了定量评价.结果表明,应重点关注焦炉排放萘危害指数值影响(最大值为0.97).焦炉排放各污染物单因子致癌风险均小于1.0E-06,而综合考虑多环芳烃总致癌风险值最大达到2.65E-06,对当地居民的人体健康可能存在一定的影响.     

模拟状态下高尔夫球场果岭区域土壤氮磷浸出物对铁岗水库水质影响研究

通过采集高尔夫球场即将淹没的果岭土壤进行实验室条件下的模拟库基样品试验,对水库扩容后蓄水初期水质的变化情况进行了研究.结果表明:库水所含主要成分pH、高锰酸钾盐指数、总氮、总磷、氨氮和硝酸盐氮分别为7.4(mg/L)、30.8(mg/L)、1.16(mg/L)、1.189(mg/L)、0.21(mg/L)和0.11(mg/L);果岭20 cm土层库基土样pH、有机质、硝酸盐氮、氨态氮和有效磷分别为6.41(mg/kg)、10.29(mg/kg)、25.48(mg/kg)、25.76(mg/kg)和140.77(mg/kg).现有库基成分会改变库水高锰酸钾盐指标的升高.库水本身的总磷和总氮含量就严重超标.果岭库基本身的磷氮含量也很高.浸泡后果岭库基土样对降低浸出物总磷的严重超标起到了对冲的作用,致使总磷含量大为降低.     

高加速寿命试验技术发展现状及应用展望

分析梳理了高加速寿命试验技术的国内外研究现状,介绍了高加速寿命试验的试验方法、基本原理、应力极限等关键问题。剖析了高加速寿命试验与加速寿命试验的联系与区别,阐述二者在试验原理、试验条件、应用目的方面的不同。最后提出未来对HALT的研究可以从发展面向元器件的高加速寿命试验技术、拓展高加速寿命试验的应用范围和途径、建立标准的HALT技术体系几个方面发展。     

漆酶的逆胶束萃取条件优化的研究

研究了生物表面活性剂逆胶束体系萃取纯化漆酶的后萃的过程.在此逆胶束体系中,表面活性剂采用一种阴离子生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂(rhamnolipid, RL),溶剂采用异辛烷.分别考察了4种不同离子种类(NaCl, NaBr, KCl和KBr)与不同浓度、4种不同助溶剂种类(正丁醇,正己醇,正庚醇及正辛醇)与不同比例、乙醇的含量以及温度对漆酶的后萃过程的影响.结果表明,0.25mol/L KCl或0.20mol/L KBr能够得到较好的萃取效果;在四种助溶剂中,正己醇(比例为0.5)和正庚醇(比例为0.5)效果比较好;乙醇加入量为9%效果最优;最适宜温度为35℃.在上述条件下,漆酶的酶活回收率和纯化倍数分别高达90%,4.7倍.电泳分析结果进一步证实了漆酶的纯化效果较好.研究证明鼠李糖脂逆胶束萃取酶类具有广阔的应用前景.     

不同废弃线路板中金属元素含量及资源化价值分析

线路板是电子废弃物的核心部分,每年产生的废弃线路板数量巨大,而典型线路板中约含金属30%。随机收集市场上不同品牌型号及生产年代的废弃电脑、手机、硬盘、工业控制器等进行粗拆,对其线路板进行系统的精细拆解,对比分析了拆除元器件线路板和元器件上的金属含量以及其潜在的资源化价值,发现不同线路板金属种类和含量差别明显,废弃工业控制器和硬盘线路板的资源化价值远大于电脑和手机,尤其是贵金属金含量高,价值高达80万元/t,普通金属尤其是铜的含量巨大,可达20 kg/t,集中分布在脱除元器件的线路板上。     

石化行业的清洁生产

清洁生产是以提高企业的科学管理水平，降低原材料、能源资源的消耗，减少污染物的产生量和排放量，减少污染物的处理费用，实现最佳的生产工艺，最佳的资源配置、最佳的管理水平、最佳的污染控制设备为目标。文中根据石化行业生产工艺情况，说明石化行为实施清洁生产的方法和途径。     

Formation of THMs and HANs during bromination of Microcystis aeruginosa

Bromine-contained disinfectants and biocides are widely used in swimming pools, recreational waters and cooling towers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the formation of thrihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetonitriles (HANs) and their cytotoxicity in algae solutions during free bromine disinfection. Disinfection by-products formation potential experiments were conducted using model solutions containing 7 mg/L (as total organic carbon) Microcystis aeruginosa cells. Effects of free bromine dosage, pH and ammonia were investigated. The results showed that brominated disinfection by-products were the major products when free bromine was applied. The total THMs formed during bromination was much as that formed during chlorination, whereas HANs were elevated by using bromination instead of chlorination. Dibromoacetonitrice (C2H2NBr2 ) and bromoform (CHBr3 ) were the only detected species during free bromine disinfection. The production of C2H2NBr2 and CHBr 3 increased with disinfectant dosage but decreased with dosing ammonia. CHBr3 increased with the pH changing from 5 to 9. However, C2H2NBr2 achieved the highest production at neutral pH, which was due to a joint effect of variation in hydrolysis rate and free bromine reactivity. The hydrolysis of C2H2NBr2 was base-catalytic and nearly unaffected by disinfectant. Finally, estimation of cytotoxicity of the disinfected algae solutions showed that HANs formation was responsible for the majority of toxicity. Considering its highest toxicity among the measured disinfection by-products, the elevated C2H2NBr2 should be considered when using bromine-related algaecide.     

An investigation of changes in water quality throughout the drinking water production/distribution chain using toxicological and fluorescence analyses

Changes in water quality from source water to finished water and tap water at two conventional drinking water treatment plants(DWTPs) were monitored.Beside the routine water quality testing,Caenorhabditis elegans-based toxicity assays and the fluorescence excitation–emission matrices technique were also applied.Both DWTPs supplied drinking water that met government standards.Under current test conditions,both the investigated finished water and tap water samples exhibited stronger lethal,genotox...