关于科技提升安全保障能力的几点思考

安全科技是经济社会安全发展的重要基石,是企业安全生产和人民生命财产安全的重要保障,是安全监管监察工作的重要支撑,是提高企业本质安全生产水平的根本途径。当前,我国安全科技工作即面临挑战,又面临重大机遇。加快安全科技转化为提升安全保障能力,要以科学发展、安全发展理念为指导,坚持企业为主体、市场为导向的原则,主要从实施安全科技“四个一批”、强化安全科技顶层设计、推广先进适用技术装备等方面进行努力探索。     

Fe掺杂Bi2MoO6的制备及其可见光催化活化PMS降解橙黄Ⅱ的研究

采用一锅水热合成法制备Fe掺杂Bi2MoO6光催化剂,对Bi2MoO6的主体结构进行修饰和调整.在可见光LED照射下,利用合成的Fe-Bi2MoO6催化剂活化过一硫酸盐(PMS,peroxymonosulfate,oxone)对偶氮染料橙黄Ⅱ进行光催化降解.采用X射线衍射(XRD),扫描电子显微镜(SEM),透射电子显微镜(TEM),X射线能谱(XPS)和紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis)对催化剂的形貌微观结构和化学价态进行表征,并应用在光催化活化PMS降解橙黄Ⅱ的过程中.结果表明,催化剂投加量为0.4 g/L,PMS投加量为0.4 mmoL/L,初始pH值接近中性条件下,Fe-Bi2MoO6材料对橙黄Ⅱ的去除率可以达到100％.经过Fe掺杂后,Fe取代一部分的Bi3+,致使主体晶格出现畸变,不仅有利于光生电子和空穴的产生、分离和转移,还增强了 Bi2MoO6的光催化活性.Fe-Bi2MoO6光催化剂经重复使用5次后对橙黄Ⅱ的降解率仍然可以达到89.1％以上,具有优秀的光催化稳定性能.活性自由基的出现在光催化降解过程中起到主要作用,由此展示出一种潜在的光催化降解机制,且Fe掺杂Bi2MoO6比单纯Bi2MoO6具有更好的光催化降解稳定性.     

磷矿与石灰双循环脱硫的工艺性能

采用磷矿、石灰2种脱硫剂在同一吸收塔中完成2次循环4次吸收的过程.吸收塔的下部为第1级循环,采用环栅式喷射鼓泡塔,以磷矿为脱硫剂,磷矿吸收SO2后加适量浓硫酸制成磷肥,以减少烟气脱硫除尘的运行成本.吸收塔上部为第2级循环,在传统的喷淋和浮阀板技术上进行了改进,以石灰为脱硫剂,以解决第1级循环中因磷矿所含脱硫成分少于石灰而导致的脱硫效率较低的问题,保证了较高脱硫效率.结果表明,塔的压降、脱硫剂的pH值是影响脱硫效率的关键因素,在第1级循环中磷矿浆液pH值在4.5～3.5时,脱硫效率趋于稳定;通过调整石灰水的pH值可使整个工艺脱硫效率达到80%.     

A~2/O工艺在低温低浓度条件下处理效果及节能减耗研究

研究在低水温条件下,进厂污水中有机物浓度较低时(污水平均BOD5为45 mg/L左右),漳扎污水处理厂生化系统较优的运行工况。研究结果表明,在上述情况下,较优的连续运行工况为:污泥回流比为75%左右,MLSS为3 200~3 500 mg/L,生化池处的溶解氧在0.7~1.3 mg/L之间;较优的间歇运行工况为:以曝气3 h停曝3 h的方式运行,生化池处的溶解氧在3~5 mg/L之间,污泥回流比为75%左右,MLSS为3 200~3 500 mg/L。上述两种运行工况对污水中的污染物质都有较高的去除率,能成功避免污泥解絮的发生,使系统中的微生物平稳过冬;其中间歇曝气方式能达到节能减耗的目的,建议在旅游淡季时采用该方式运行。     

Phylogenetic analysis and arsenate reduction e ect of the arsenic-reducing bacteria enriched from contaminated soils at an abandoned smelter site

Microbial reduction of As(V) (i.e., arsenate) plays an important role in arsenic (As) mobilization in aqueous environment. In this study, we investigated As(Ⅴ) reduction characteristics of the bacteria enriched from the arsenic-contaminated soil at an abandoned smelter site. It was found that As(Ⅴ) was completely reduced to As(Ⅲ) (i.e., arsenite) in 21 h. After 3-d incubation, a yellow solid was precipitated and the concentration of As(Ⅲ) decreased sharply. After 150 h incubation, ca. 65% of soluble arsenic was removed from the solution. The analysis of the precipitate by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that the main component was crystalline arsenic sulfide (ASS). Microbial mediated reduction and mobilization of adsorbed As(Ⅴ) on ferric hydroxide was also examined. In the microcosm slurry experiment, ca. 53% of the adsorbed As(V) was reduced to As(Ⅲ) by the bacteria, which resulted in an appreciable release of arsenic into aqueous phase. The released arsenic was present predominantly as As(Ⅲ). The microbial diversity was analyzed by 16S rDNA-dependent molecular phylogeny. A near-full-length 16S rDNA gene clone library was constructed. The 197 clones were analyzed using RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) and 72 OTUs were obtained, which contributed 51% of the content for total clone number in six OTUs. Six bacterial clones in these six OTUs were selected for sequencing and the sequenced clones were found to belong to the group Caloramator, Clostridium, and Bacillus.     

古黄河泗阳段流域综合治理与生态环境保护

通过采取"治、退、拆、清、修、整、建、营、养、植"等生态修复综合措施、建立古黄河生态保护圈,加强古黄河泗阳段周边环境的生态保护,进一步净化水体环境,同时增加古黄河泗阳段蓄水量,提高水质的稳定性,使得社会效益、环境效益和经济效益达到最佳统一,实现水资源的持续利用.同时改善古黄河地区的空气环境,给古黄河地区的人民一个蓝天,实现古黄河泗阳地区的蓝天碧水.     

用土壤法进行生活污水的深度处理

土壤是物质生产的场所,也是物质降解的中心。利用土壤法进行生活污水的深度处理,具有成本低,能耗低,不需要维护等特点,并且可以循环利用土壤和水资源,实现水环境的再生。土壤法的推广利用符合中国循环经济的发展要求,促进新农村运动的开展。本文着重介绍了如何利用和加强土壤的净化功能来进行生活污水的处理,并且回顾了土壤处理法的发展历史和研究现状。     

An integrated assessment method of urban drainage system:A case study in Shenzhen City,China

In recent years, the urban drainage system in China is facing the dual pressure of renovation and construction. This requires that the integrated assessment for the planning and operation of the urban drainage system is obligatory. To evaluate the urban drainage system, an integrated assessment methodology based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), integrated simulation, and fuzzy assessment is established. This method is a multi-criteria decision adding app roach to the assessment of the urban drainage system comprehensively. Through the integration of the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), a simple wastewater treatment plant model, and a surface water quality model, an integrated modelling system for the urban drainage system is developed and applied as a key tool for assessment. Using the established method, a case study in Shenzhen City has been implemented to evaluate and compare two urban drainage system reno vation plans, the distributed plan and the centralized plan. Because of the particularity of this case study, the established method is not applied entirely. Considering the water environ mental impact, ecological impact, technological feasibility, and economic cost, the integrated performance of the distri buted plan is better. As shown in this case study, the proposed method is found to be both effective and practical.