长江沉积物中痕量氯代酚类化合物的测定

本文利用同位素稀释质谱法对长江南京段沉积物中１８种氯代酚进行了分离鉴定,结果表明,沉积物中ＣＰｓ的含量以五氯苯酚为主,     

土壤中4-溴苯胺降解动力学及其生态毒性追踪

秀谷隆是一种被广泛应用的取代脲类除草剂,其主要降解产物为４－溴苯胺（４－ＢＡ）,研究４－溴苯胺在不同土壤中的降解动力学规律,并用土壤环境指示动物弹尾目跳虫Ｃｏｌｌｅｍｂｏｌａ（Ｆｏｌｓｏｍｉａ ｃａｎｄｉｄａ）跟踪指示该化合物在进一步降解过程中的毒性,结果表明：４－溴苯胺在土壤中的降解行为可用一级反应动力学方程来较好地描述,其生态毒性明显高于母体化合物秀谷隆,该化合物在粘土中的残留量低于砂土,但毒     

蔬菜作物施用耐氨固氮菌的增产效果

研究在小区试验条件下,施用耐氨固氮型的催娩克氏菌和阴沟肠杆菌混合菌剂对蔬菜生长和产量的影响。结果表明,施用耐氨固氮菌可促进蔬菜生长,提高产量并改善品质,供试蔬菜的平均增产率达20％,增产效果明显。     

4种不同生境的蟹类金属硫蛋白cDNA的克隆与比较

利用Carcinus maenas金属硫蛋白氨基酸序列资料，用全简并引物从鳃组织总RNA中扩增并克隆了首个甲壳类金属硫蛋白cDNA片段序列，3'-RACE获得了其编码区全长cDNA。之后，用部分简并的引物扩增并克隆了其它3种国内常见蟹类的金属硫蛋白cDNA编码区全长序列。序列分析结果表明，几种蟹的金属硫蛋白cDNA序列存在差异，推知的氨基酸序列也不完全相同，比较不同蟹的cDNA和氨基酸序列数据不能证明不同生态环境对金属硫蛋白的分子进化起重要作用。图4表1参15     

城市垃圾焚烧炉内残渣性质及结渣形成

以城市垃圾焚烧后的残渣为研究对象 ,着重地介绍城市垃圾焚烧炉中灰渣的形成、结构、组成等基本性质 ,同时借鉴燃煤技术初步探讨了城市垃圾焚烧过程中结渣的形成。对垃圾焚烧炉的正常运行提供科学的保证 ,对残渣的管理及综合利用有一定的意义     

低污染、高效转式垃圾焚烧技术

通过在本课题组自行设计的中空水冷转式垃圾焚烧炉上的实验研究，论文从工艺流程和NOx生成特性方面探讨了该新型焚烧炉的稳定燃烧和低污染排放技术特点；并与固定床焚烧炉作了实验研究比较，可知中空水冷转式垃圾焚烧炉在降低NOx浓度与提高燃尽率方面具有良好的性能。     

吉林省城市大气降水pH值时空分异及成因

通过对吉林省８个代表城市１９９２－１９９７年大气降水观测数据的统计分析,对大气降水ＰＨ值的时空分异进行了探讨。结果表明：吉林省中西部城市大气降水基本呈中性;东部的图们,珲春两市大气降水酸化亚得,多年平均降水ＰＨ分别为５．１２和５．３８;全省碱性降水多集中在吉林市。     

Single particle analysis of ambient aerosols in Shanghai during the World Exposition, 2010: two case studies

ATSI Model 3800 aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS) was deployed for single-particle analysis in Shanghai during the World Exposition (EXPO), 2010. Measurements on two extreme cases: polluted day (1st May) and clean day (25th September) were compared to show how meteorological conditions affected the concentration and composition of ambient aerosols. Mass spectra of 90496 and 50407 particles were analyzed respectively during the two sampling periods. The ART-2a neural network algorithm was applied to sort the collected particles. Seven major classes of particles were obtained: dust, sea salt, industrial, biomass burning, organic carbon (OC), elementary carbon (EC), and NH₄-rich particles. Number concentration of ambient aerosols showed a strong anti-correlation with the boundary layer height variation. The external mixing states of aerosols were quite different during two sampling periods because of different air parcel trajectories. Number fraction of biomass burning particles (43.3%) during polluted episode was much higher than that (21.6%) of clean time. Air parcels from the East China Sea on clean day diluted local pollutant concentration and increased the portion of sea salt particle dramatically (13.3%). The large contribution of biomass burning particles in both cases might be an indication of a constant regional background of biomass burning emission. Mass spectrum analysis showed that chemical compositions and internal mixing states of almost all the particle types were more complicate during polluted episode compared with those observed in clean time. Strong nitrate signals in the mass spectra suggested that most of the particles collected on polluted day had gone through some aging processes before reaching the sampling site.     

稻草型生物有机肥对萝卜的作用效果

为推广应用稻草型生物有机肥,采用田间小区试验研究了稻草型生物有机肥对萝卜(Raphanus sativus)功能叶叶绿素含量、碳氮代谢关键酶活性、萝卜产量和品质的影响.结果表明:稻草型生物有机肥处理Ⅰ与等NPK养分施用量的纯化肥处理Ⅱ和菜枯肥处理Ⅲ相比,可提高萝卜功能叶叶绿素含量、防止功能叶早衰;提高硝酸还原酶、蔗糖合成酶、蔗糖磷酸合成酶三种碳氮代谢关键酶活性.处理Ⅰ使萝卜的产量分别比处理Ⅱ和处理Ⅲ提高4.48%、6.01%,维生素C分别提高22.48%、28.24%,可溶性糖含量分别提高10.39%、19.91%,萝卜硝酸盐含量分别下降8.78%和16.67%,且以上4个指标处理Ⅰ与处理Ⅱ和处理Ⅲ的差异均达极显著水平,此外亚硝酸盐含量也明显降低.     

Emissions trading of global and local pollutants, pollution havens and free riding

In the presence of local (sulfur) and global (carbon) pollutants, we examine the pollution haven hypothesis and free riding behavior. Under domestic emissions trading, poorer Southern countries become pollution havens when free trade opens up whenever sulfur damage functions are linear or when sulfur levels in equilibrium are not higher in the South. With global trading of carbon permits, the pollution haven effect emerges in equilibrium whenever the convex sulfur damage functions are nonlinear. Countries that do not participate in a Global Protocol designed to reduce carbon emissions enjoy double benefits, stemming from free riding and cleaner local environments.