火电厂用水测试及节水管理

随着电力市场化经营的逐步深入,对电力生产的成本提出了更高的要求,加强水务管理并开展综合治理,逐渐达到合理地发电、生产用水,成为节能降耗工作的一个重要环节。火电厂是耗水大户,随着水资源的日渐匮乏及环保法律的日趋严格,合理利用水资源,已成为火电厂面临的紧迫任务,为此需开展进行全厂水平衡测试工作。针对某火电厂用水情况进行水平衡测试,根据测试结果对火电厂用水情况进行分析,查清实际用水状况,找出节水潜力,并提出了相应的治理建议,使火电厂的用水达到合理使用和科学管理,为火电厂节水工作提供参考。     

乌昌地区大气污染成因分析及应对措施研究

通过介绍乌昌地区概况,结合地区大气污染环境质量现状,从多角度对地区大气污染成因进行分析,结果表明乌昌地区大气污染主要受地形地貌、气象条件、产业结构及能源利用方式不合理、城市规划及基础设施建设落后、行政管理职权划分不明确等因素影响。在此基础上提出针对产业结构、能源结构、采暖模式、城市道路规划、重点企业综合治理、生态建设及环境管理体系等多方面应对措施,以期形成以政府为主导,企业为主体,全社会共同参与的环境保护体系,为政府部门环境保护工作提供参考建议。     

油品脱酸工艺研究进展

综述了国内外油品脱酸技术发展历程和研究现状,分析了各种技术工艺的优点和不足,随着环保、节能减排思想的深入,新的绿色脱酸分离技术将是以后发展的主要趋势。     

崩塌和滑坡诱因分析与统一整治方案

本文总结了崩塌、滑坡的诱因,将其分为人为因素、自然条件两大类和7个亚类(大气降水、地震、地层岩性不均、地质构造弊端、采煤、修路、采石、植被破坏),并结合崩塌和滑坡的形成机理及伴生地貌特征划分出6种不同的崩塌、滑坡类型,提出综合治理模式,辅以具体实例,对治理方案的可行性进行了验证。     

包埋氨氧化细菌短程硝化的高效稳定运行

为了提高包埋氨氧化细菌短程硝化的效率,富集培养氨氧化细菌(AOB)并固定化.富集培养阶段采用连续式运行方式,以游离氨(FA)为抑制亚硝酸盐氧化菌(NOB)生长的手段,并通过定时排泥方法使NOB逐渐从系统中淘洗出去.富集培养结束后以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为包埋材料,对筛选培养的氨氧化细菌进行固定化,反应器包埋填充率为8%.采用连续式运行方式,通过逐步增加氨氮负荷的方法提高氨氧化速率.最终在富集培养系统中实现了污泥比氨氧化速率(以NH_4~+-N/VSS计)2.028 g·(g·d)~(-1)的高表达和亚硝酸盐氮90%以上的高积累.通过对污泥富集培养前后细菌群落组成的高通量测序分析,结果表明,培养前原污泥多样性较大,具有硝化作用的Nitrosomonas仅有0.24%,Nitrospira有2.7%.富集培养后的活性污泥多样性明显变小,优势菌种为Nitrosomonas(18%),而Nitrospira仅剩0.02%;包埋固定化后,系统迅速实现了短程硝化,最终短程硝化的速率达到了50 mg·(L·h)~(-1),亚硝酸盐氮积累率稳定在90%以上.     

Activated carbon adsorption of quinolone antibiotics in water: Performance, mechanism, and modeling

The extensive use of antibiotics has led to their presence in the aquatic environment, and introduces potential impacts on human and ecological health. The capability of powdered activated carbon(PAC) to remove six frequently used quinolone(QN) antibiotics during water treatment was evaluated to improve drinking water safety. The kinetics of QN adsorption by PAC was best described by a pseudo second-order equation, and the adsorption capacity was well described by the Freundlich isotherm equation. Isotherms measured at different p H showed that hydrophobic interaction, electrostatic interaction,and π–π dispersion force were the main mechanisms for adsorption of QNs by PAC. A p H-dependent isotherm model based on the Freundlich equation was developed to predict the adsorption capacity of QNs by PAC at different p H values. This model had excellent prediction capabilities under different laboratory scenarios. Small relative standard derivations(RSDs), i.e., 0.59%–0.92% for ciprofloxacin and 0.09%–3.89% for enrofloxacin,were observed for equilibrium concentrations above the 0.3 mg/L level. The RSDs increased to 11.9% for ciprofloxacin and 32.1% for enrofloxacin at μg/L equilibrium levels, which is still acceptable. This model could be applied to predict the adsorption of other chemicals having different ionized forms.     

Drinking water treatment using a submerged internal-circulation membrane coagulation reactor coupled with permanganate oxidation

A submerged internal circulating membrane coagulation reactor(MCR) was used to treat surface water to produce drinking water. Polyaluminum chloride(PACl) was used as coagulant,and a hydrophilic polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF) submerged hollow fiber microfiltration membrane was employed. The influences of trans-membrane pressure(TMP), zeta potential(ZP) of the suspended particles in raw water, and KMnO_4 dosing on water flux and the removal of turbidity and organic matter were systematically investigated. Continuous bench-scale experiments showed that the permeate quality of the MCR satisfied the requirement for a centralized water supply, according to the Standards for Drinking Water Quality of China(GB 5749-2006), as evaluated by turbidity(1 NTU) and total organic carbon(TOC)(5 mg/L)measurements. Besides water flux, the removal of turbidity, TOC and dissolved organic carbon(DOC) in the raw water also increased with increasing TMP in the range of 0.01–0.05 MPa. High ZP induced by PACl, such as 5–9 mV, led to an increase in the number of fine and total particles in the MCR, and consequently caused serious membrane fouling and high permeate turbidity.However, the removal of TOC and DOC increased with increasing ZP. A slightly positive ZP, such as 1–2 mV, corresponding to charge neutralization coagulation, was favorable for membrane fouling control. Moreover, dosing with KMnO_4 could further improve the removal of turbidity and DOC, thereby mitigating membrane fouling. The results are helpful for the application of the MCR in producing drinking water and also beneficial to the research and application of other coagulation and membrane separation hybrid processes.     

萍乡蔬菜种植区土壤中重金属含量及潜在生态危害研究

为了解萍乡蔬菜种植区土壤环境质量和污染状况,采用综合污染指数法和潜在生态危害指数法对采样区土壤的环境质量进行了评价.结果表明,所有重金属的均值均未超过土壤环境质量标准中的二级标准,其单项污染指数依次为Hg>Ni>Cd>Cu>Zn>Pb>As>Cr,其中Cd、Hg、Pb、Ni含量均高于对应元素的江西省土壤重金属背景值,但土壤的综合污染指数和潜在生态危害指数都较低.总的来说,萍乡蔬菜种植区土壤环境质量处于清洁和安全范围内,生态风险较低.     

三江平原湿地保护面临的问题及可持续发展战略研究

湿地是地球上最重要的生态系统类型之一,湿地保护工作的重要性已受到社会各界的高度重视.三江平原作为中国面积最大的淡水沼泽湿地分布区,其湿地保护工作尤为重要.目前,三江湿地的保护工作面临持续破坏、永续保护与经济发展之间矛盾突出及保护工作与时俱进有待提高等方面的问题.需继续坚持湿地保护与恢复重建,并在立法保护湿地、湿地生态补偿和加强湿地保护队伍建设等方面开展工作,实现湿地资源利用的可持续发展.