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171.
京津冀地区主要排放源减排对PM2.5污染改善贡献评估 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
研究选取2012年1月和7月作为冬夏两季代表时段,利用CMAQ/2D-VBS模型分析了冬夏两季京津冀地区主要排放源减排30%对改善区域PM_(2.5)污染的效果.结果表明,工业源对PM_(2.5)污染的贡献最大,其次是民用源,但工业源单位减排量贡献低于民用源,交通源和电厂源的整体贡献和单位减排量贡献均较小.工业部门内贡献最大的为钢铁冶金行业,其次是水泥、工业锅炉、炼焦、石灰砖瓦和化工行业.与各部门各物种排放量的比较反映出各排放源贡献大小与其一次PM_(2.5)排放水平高度相关.因京津冀地区冬季NO_x减排对PM_(2.5)形成的促进作用,以及冬季较弱的大气垂直扩散作用,各排放源夏季减排比冬季普遍更有效,交通源、电厂源以及工业源中的水泥、工业锅炉和石灰砖瓦行业夏季减排效果相比冬季优势明显.民用源由于采暖季排放较高而冬季贡献更明显,农业源因秸秆开放燃烧量大,冬季单位减排量贡献十分显著.从同等幅度减排考虑,应将工业源作为控制重点,优先控制其一次PM_(2.5)排放,在部门内进一步重点控制钢铁冶金行业的NO_x和SO_2排放、水泥行业的夏季NO_x排放以及炼焦行业的SO_2和NMVOC排放.民用源排放应着重在冬季采暖期控制. 相似文献
172.
巯基硅烷改性多壁碳纳米管的合成及其对Cd2+的吸附性能研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用3-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷(MPTMS)作硅烷偶联剂对多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)进行改性,制备巯基硅烷改性多壁碳纳米管(SHMWCNTs),并进行了SH-MWCNTs对Cd~(2+)的批量吸附实验.同时,利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线光子能量仪(EDS)、红外光谱(FT-IR)对SHMWCNTs进行表征,探究了溶液初始pH、吸附剂投加量、吸附时间、溶液初始Cd~(2+)浓度等因素对吸附效果的影响,分析了吸附动力学特征及吸附等温线特征,初步探讨了吸附机理.SEM、EDS与FT-IR图谱显示,MPTMS已成功接枝到MWCNTs表面,表明SH-MWCNTs制备成功.吸附时间为90 min,pH为4时的吸附效果最佳,吸附量随SH-MWCNTs投加量、Cd~(2+)浓度的增加而增大.吸附动力学和吸附等温线研究表明,SHMWCNTs对Cd~(2+)的吸附动力学符合准二级线性方程,吸附等温线符合Freundlich、Langmuir 2种模型,吸附以单分子层吸附为主,也存在层间扩散的多层吸附. 相似文献
173.
为探讨竹柳在重金属复合污染(镉、锌)土壤中生长的生理变化及重金属在植株内的转移情况,以竹柳(Salix sp.)三号及竹柳五号为试验材料,以重金属复合污染的水稻土为供试土壤,通过盆栽试验研究了重金属对竹柳生理指标、重金属吸收与积累量、富集系数(BCF)和转运系数(TF)的影响.结果表明:竹柳各器官重金属含量和转移情况不同,其中,叶片中Cd、Zn含量最高,分别达61.4和1940 mg·kg~(-1);竹柳三号对Zn的转运能力大于竹柳五号,而竹柳五号的净光合速率更高;生长100 d后,重金属在竹柳叶片中的积累量和转移系数均高于其他部位,竹柳吸收的重金属主要分布在叶片中,可通过集中处理叶片达到去除土壤中重金属污染的目的. 相似文献
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176.
Iorio M Pan B Capasso R Xing B 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,156(3):1021-1029
Intent of this study was to explore the potential application of polymerin, the polymeric, dissolved organic matter fraction from olive oil wastewaters, in technologies aimed at remediating hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) point-source pollution. Phenanthrene binding with polymerin was investigated. Moreover, the effect of addition of micro and nanoscale aluminum oxides (Al2O3) was studied, as well as sorption of polymerin on the oxides. Phenanthrene binding capacity by polymerin was notably higher than the sorption capacities for both types of Al2O3 particles. Polymerin sorption on nanoparticles was nearly 100 times higher than microparticles. In a three-phase system, using microparticles, higher phenanthrene sorption was found by adding into water polymerin, oxides and phenanthrene simultaneously. In contrast, using nanoparticles, a considerable enhancement of phenanthrene sorption was shown by adding phenanthrene to a pre-formed and dried polymerin-oxide complex. These findings support the application of polymerin, especially associated with Al2O3 nanoparticles, in remediation of water contaminated with HOCs. This work highlights the significant role of nanoparticles. 相似文献
177.
Due to the growing concern of highly contaminated landfill leachate problems in Taiwan, an innovative advanced catalytic oxidation (FeGAC/H(2)O(2)) process was developed and employed in this research to treat the landfill leachate from central Taiwan. Experimental results indicated that the FeGAC/H(2)O(2) process could effectively remove organic compounds from landfill leachate. The presence of iron oxide coated granular activated carbon (FeGAC) greatly improved the oxidative ability of H(2)O(2) for the removal of humic acids, fulvic acids and non-humic substance from leachate. For instance, at pH 6, the removal efficiencies of FeGAC/H(2)O(2) and H(2)O(2) processes were 70% and 8%, respectively. FeGAC/H(2)O(2) combined both advantages of FeGAC and H(2)O(2) where FeGAC had good organics adsorption ability and could effectively catalyse the hydrogen peroxide oxidation reaction for organics removal. 相似文献
178.
Sorption of organic contaminants by biopolymers: role of polarity, structure and domain spatial arrangement 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Sorption behavior of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) (i.e., pyrene, phenanthrene and naphthalene) by native and chemically modified biopolymers (lignin, chitin and cellulose) was examined. Lignins (native and treated) showed nonlinear sorption for all compounds studied, emphasizing their glassy character. Chitins and celluloses had linear isotherms for phenanthrene and naphthalene, illustrating the dominance of partitioning, while pyrene yielded nonlinear isotherms. Sorption capacity (K(oc)) of HOCs was negatively correlated with the polarity [(O+N)/C] of the biopolymers. Aromatic and alkyl+aromatic C percentages, rather than alkyl C content, demonstrated a better correlation with K(oc) values, indicating the importance of aromatic structures for HOC affinity. Hydrophobicity (K(ow))-normalized K(oc) values decreased sharply with increasing percentage of O-alkyl C versus total aliphatic C (O-alkyl C/total aliphatic C) or with polar C/(alkyl+aromatic C) ratio of the biopolymers until their values reached 80% and 4, respectively, illustrating the effect of surrounding polar groups on reducing affinity for HOCs. Overall, the results of this study highlight the role of spatial arrangement of domains within biopolymers in sorption of HOCs, and point to sorbent properties, such as functionality, polarity and structure, jointly regulating the sorption of HOCs in biopolymers. 相似文献
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