云南省农业源污染现状、危害及防治策略

云南省农业源排放污染物占全省污染总负荷的1／5～2／3,其中种植业污染源贡献最大,其次是畜禽养殖业污染源,水产养殖业污染源贡献最小;农业源污染已对云南省农业生产、社会稳定和生态安全等产生一定影响。最后从宣传教育、生产方式变革、废弃物利用、环境监管等四个方面提出农业源污染防治对策。     

高层建筑火场供水探讨

高层建筑火灾扑救的关键是供水,能否快速有效地向火场输送充足用水直接影响高层建筑灭火战斗的成败。本文对目前高层建筑火场供水普遍存在的问题进行了分析,并提出了相应的高层建筑火场供水的有效方法和途径。     

区域水环境承载力现状评价及对策研究——以台州市为例

以浙江省台州市为例,根据该市自然环境和社会经济现状,采用层次分析法和向量模法评价近年来台州市水环境承载力,确定水环境承载力等级和水环境状态。结果表明,近年来台州市水环境承载力等级在“差”和“一般”之间浮动,对应的水环境状态为“脆弱”到“一般”,水环境承载力总体上偏低。其主要影响指标有人均水资源量、工业用水重复利用率以及工业废水达标率和城镇生活污水处理率。本文同时根据台州市水环境承载力现状,提出相应的改善对策措施,提高水环境承载力,以促进台州市社会、经济和环境的协调发展。     

基于玄武岩纤维载体的水体净化试验研究

简单介绍了玄武岩纤维的基本特性,以玄武岩纤维作为生物膜载体,用实际生活污水模拟黑臭河道水体,采用生物接触氧化工艺来处理净化,评价玄武岩纤维生物载体的性能,探索玄武岩纤维在水体净化中的应用。经过13 d连续运行,玄武岩纤维生物膜载体对COD和NH3-N去除率分别达到82.3%和46.8%,相比对照组分别提高了47.5%和107%,处理效果优良,但是TP的去除效果不理想,需要进一步改进,完善处理工艺。总体来说,玄武岩纤维在水体净化方面有着良好的发展前景。     

东江干流水体氮的时空变化特征及来源分析

为了防治东江氮污染并进行针对性水体治理,于2013年7月(丰水期)和2014年1月(枯水期)全面调查了东江干流水体氮的时空变化特征,并利用附生藻的稳定性氮同位素示踪技术对东江水体氮进行了溯源研究.结果表明,TN、NO-3-N、NH+4-N在丰水期的平均浓度分别为2.70、1.63、0.21 mg·L-1,高于枯水期(TN,2.04 mg·L-1;NO-3-N,1.49 mg·L-1;NH+4-N,0.31 mg·L-1);东江水体氮含量较高,且主要以NO-3-N形态存在.各形态氮浓度自上游至下游的变化趋势表现为,TN和NO-3-N先递减再升高,NH+4-N则逐渐递增.稳定性氮同位素示踪表明,面源输入的人畜粪便、养殖废水及农业化肥等是上游区域氮的主要来源,贡献率约占91%;而在下游区域,城市污水的贡献率逐渐增大,并成为氮的主要来源,贡献率达到54%.     

Comparison between UV and VUV photolysis for the pre- and post-treatment of coking wastewater

In this study, ultraviolet (UV) and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photolysis were investigated for the pre-treatment and post-treatment of coking wastewater. First, 6-fold diluted raw coking wastewater was irradiated by UV and VUV. It was found that 15.9%–35.4% total organic carbon (TOC) was removed after 24 hr irradiation. The irradiated effluent could be degraded by the acclimated activated sludge. Even though the VUV photolysis removed more chemical oxygen demand (COD) than UV, the UV-irradiated effluent demonstrated better biodegradability. After 4 hr UV irradiation, the biological oxygen demand BOD₅/COD ratio of irradiated coking wastewater increased from 0.163 to 0.224, and its toxicity decreased to the greatest extent. Second, the biologically treated coking wastewater was irradiated by UV and VUV. Both of them were able to remove 37%–47% TOC within 8 hr irradiation. Compared to UV, VUV photolysis could significantly improve the transparency of the bio-treated effluent. VUV also reduced 7% more ammonia nitrogen (NH₄⁺–N), 17% more nitrite nitrogen (NO₂⁻–N), and 18% more total nitrogen (TN) than UV, producing 35% less nitrite nitrogen (NO₃⁻–N) as a result. In conclusion, UV irradiation was better in improving the biodegradability of coking wastewater, while VUV was more effective at photolyzing the residual organic compounds and inorganic N-species in the bio-treated effluent.     

Pollutant removal by an integrated vertical-flow constructed wetland treating simulated river water by reoxygenation

The effects and mechanism of chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrogen, and phosphorus concentration removal by an integrated vertical-flow constructed wetland were studied in the wetland system during one inlet–outlet operating period, in two typical stages (each stage is connective 24 h, sampled once every 4 h). The concentration of ammonia decreased along the flow direction in the system, while levels of nitrate (NO₃^?-N) increased. In one operating period, total nitrogen (TN) concentration fell with rising operation time due to evacuative reoxygenation. The TN and NH₃-N removal rates in the system were 26.6% and 97.5%, respectively. COD decreased rapidly in the early stages and more gradually in the direction of water flow of the wetland system. Average total phosphorus (TP) removal rate was 20.71%. TN and NO₃^?-N levels in water of the wetland had a tendency to decline gradually with increasing operation time. Ammonia concentrations displayed only a small variation with operation time. The results also indicated that the wetland was able to maintain its temperature. The oxygen content differed during the various operating stages and exerted a marked influence on COD, TP, and TN removal.     

Origins and mechanisms leading to aneuploidy in human eggs

The gain or loss of a chromosome—or aneuploidy—acts as one of the major triggers for infertility and pregnancy loss in humans. These chromosomal abnormalities affect more than 40% of eggs in women at both ends of the age spectrum, that is, young girls as well as women of advancing maternal age. Recent studies in human oocytes and embryos using genomics, cytogenetics, and in silico modeling all provide new insight into the rates and potential genetic and cellular factors associated with aneuploidy at varying stages of development. Here, we review recent studies that are shedding light on potential molecular mechanisms of chromosome missegregation in oocytes and embryos across the entire female reproductive life span.     

云南省清洁发展机制项目潜力调研

清洁发展机制（CDM）的实施能使区域经济获得生态环境保护与经济发展“双赢”。云南尚有很大的CDM项目潜力。结合项目背景和国内外发展状况，通过调查数据整理和案例研究，对促进云南省CDM项目实施提出对策建议。