Research on Mechanism of Diversified Investment and Financing in Building Ecological Cities

Ecological city is the advanced mode of harmonious development of city. Constant improvement is being made in the development of ecological city. However, building ecological city is an enormous project that calls for a huge amount of capital. The government fund is far from adequate. This paper probes into the fund issue and discusses in detail the mechanism of investment and financing in building ecological city from various aspects such as diversification of the investment subjects and the modes of financing.     

雁荡山自然景观的科学价值

雁荡山是一座白垩纪复活破火山，经断裂切割抬升而成为典型性的破火山立体模型。它向人们展示了破火山内部的各种地质要素和各类岩石的相互关系，提供了破火山喷发产物与中央侵入体有直接联系的证据。涵盖了流纹质岩浆火山爆发、喷溢、侵出、侵入等的完整过程，堪称流纹质火山岩类的天然博物馆。雁荡山不仅显现了白垩纪时期亚洲大陆边缘复活型破火山形成与演化的地质过程，而且是古太平洋伊泽奈奇（ｌｚａｎａｑｉ）板块向亚洲大陆俯冲、壳幔深部作用的一种地表标志性展示。雁荡山破火山的奇特景观代表着东亚亚热带滨海山岳地质生态模式、奇特优秀的自然景观、具普遍意义的杰出科学价值和浓厚的民族山水文化，三者交融在一起，构成了雁荡山所特有的世界上独一无二的、兼符自然与文化双重标准的自然遗产。     

Mercury in coal and its emission by coal combustion in the Northeast China

1　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒｒｅｐｏｒｔｓｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｏｆｔｈｅｍｅｒｃｕｒｙｃｏｎｔｅｎｔｓａｓｗｅｌｌａｓｔｈｅｉｒｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｉｎｃｏａｌｓｆｒｏｍ 12ｍａｉｎｃｏａｌｍｉｎｅｓｉｎｔｈｅＮｏｒｔｈｅａｓｔｏｆＣｈｉｎａａｎｄｔｈｅｅａｓｔｏｆＩｎｎｅｒＭｏｎｇｏｌｉａ .Ｔｈｅｃｏａｌ ｂｕｒｎｉｎｇｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｓａｒｅｄｉｖｉｄｅｄｉｎｔｏｔｈｒｅｅｐａｒｔｓ:ｂｏｔｔｏｍａｓｈ ,ｆｌｙａｓｈｉｎｄｕｓｔｃｏｌｌｅｃｔｏｒａｎｄｔｈｅｐａｒｔｅｓｃａｐｉｎｇ…     

臭氧氧化法深度处理印染废水生化处理出水

采用臭氧氧化法深度处理印染废水生化处理出水。实验结果表明,在进气流量为2.5 L/min、进气中臭氧质量浓度为12.5 mg/L、臭氧通气时间为30 min、后续反应时间为30 min的条件下,废水的COD去除率约为40%,色度去除率大于95%,处理后废水色度小于5倍,COD为45～70 mg/L,BOD5为10～13 mg/L,BOD5/COD=0.2,出水可生化性有所提高。三维荧光光谱分析和相对分子质量分布检测结果表明,臭氧氧化处理后废水中相对分子质量较大的物质被降解为相对分子质量较小的物质。     

The development of agro-residue densified fuel in China based on energetics analysis

Agro-residue is one of the important biomass resources in China and its efficient utilization is crucial for providing bio-energy, releasing risk of environmental pollution, and enhancing rural incomes. Densification is one of the important utilization routes of agro-residues. The objective of this paper is to explore the development of agro-residue densified fuel in China based on energetics analysis. The energetical property and energy potential of main agro-residues in China were firstly analyzed and then the development of agro-residue densified fuel in every region was evaluated based on energetics analysis. The results show that the main agro-residues in China are good feedstocks as densified fuel and they constitute enormous energy potential for developing densified fuel. However, the situation of every region should be considered for the development of agro-residue densified fuel. The primary energy embodied per unit of useful energy indicates that most of the regions in China are suitable for developing agro-residue densified fuel as it is energetically advantageous compared with coal, whereas only about 25% of regions near coal production locations are not suitable as they are less energetically advantageous.     

Rice yield development and the shrinking yield gaps in China, 1981–2008

Regional Environmental Change - Increasing population, limited land resources, and the demand for environmental protection highlight the urgency of improving crop yield on the limited cultivated...     

Spatial distribution of PAHs in a contaminated valley in Southeast China

A survey was conducted on the accumulation and spatial distribution of PAHs in surface soils under different land use patterns in a valley in the Yangtze Delta region with an area of 10 km² containing 15 small copper- and zinc-smelting furnaces. Sixty-five topsoil (0–20 cm) samples were collected and 16 PAHs were determined. The average amount of all the 16 PAHs ranged from 0 to 530 μg kg⁻¹ (oven dry basis), with a mean concentration of 33.2 μg kg⁻¹. Benzo[a]pyrene and indeno[1, 2, 3, -cd]pyrene were the two main PAHs present at high concentrations, while pyrene and fluorene had very low concentrations. PAH concentrations were higher in uncultivated than in cultivated soils, and areas of woods and shrubbery had the␣lowest soil PAH contents. The average PAH-homologue concentrations ranked as follows: 5-rings >> 3-rings, 4-rings > 6-rings >2-rings. Much higher concentrations of PAHs were found in the southern part of the sampling area, perhaps due to deposition of airborne particles by the southeasterly winds in winter and spring. We conclude that the small smelting furnaces were the dominant source of PAHs that accumulated in the soils and the southeasterly winds led to the spatial distribution of PAHs in the topsoils. Land vegetation cover and soil utilization patterns also affected the accumulation and distribution of soil PAHs.     

Assessment of the bioaccessibility of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils from Beijing using an in vitro test

As an important human exposure pathway of contaminants, soil ingestion is of increasing concern for assessing health risk from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils. A wide range of total PAH concentrations ranging from 0.112 microg g(-1) to 27.8 microg g(-1) in soils collected from different public sites, including gas stations, roadsides, bus stops, a kindergarten, primary and middle schools, a university and residential area, was detected. In general, total PAHs concentrations in soils from traffic areas were significantly higher than that from the other sites, indicating a dominant contribution from motor vehicles. Physiologically based in vitro tests were used to evaluate the oral bioaccessibility of PAHs in surface soil under different land uses in Beijing regarding both gastric and small intestinal conditions. It was found that the oral bioaccessibility of total PAHs in small intestinal condition, ranging from 9.2% to 60.5% of total PAHs in soil, was significantly higher than gastric condition, ranging from 3.9% to 54.9%. The bioaccessibility of individual PAHs in soils generally decreased with the increasing ring number of PAHs in both gastric and small intestinal conditions. However, the ratio of bioaccessibility of individual PAHs in gastric condition to that in small intestinal condition, generally increased with increasing ring number, indicating the relatively pronounced effect of bile extract on improving bioaccessibility of PAHs with relatively high ring numbers characterized by their high K(ow) values. The observation that bile extract at a level higher than critical micelle concentration could reduce the surface tension of digestive juice substantially, which may cause PAHs to be available for intestinal absorption, calls for more careful establishment of reliable soil criteria for PAHs, especially concerning the health of children who may ingest a considerable amount of PAH-contaminated soil via outdoor hand-mouth activities.     

长江中游平原湖区中小型谷物干燥机的CVM研究

采用了条件价值评估法（CVM）,采取入户调查方式,随机抽样调查了湖北、湖南两省5地区的350户农户,对中小型小麦油菜干燥机这一设施的现状、支付意愿、需求进行了统计分析。结果表明：2012年小麦和油菜收获时降雨以中到大雨为主,持续5 d及以上时间所占比例分别为715%和583%;小麦和油菜损失10%~50%所占比例分别为376%和518%;03%的农户对干燥机有所了解,821%的农户没有购买意愿,837%的农户可以承受的价格在每台800元以下;支付意愿与受访农户年龄呈显著负相关（p=-0013）,与其所处调查区域（p=0000）、文化程度（p=0010）、收入来源（p=0009）呈极显著正相关,说明谷物干燥机在长江中游平原湖区推广仍面临诸多困难。文章建议政府应通过提高农户对干燥机的认识度,降低其购买及运行成本,提高农户文化素质、农机购买补贴等多方面的措施来改善农户对干燥机的需求     

县域土地利用细碎度综合度量与空间分异研究——以江苏省东海县为例

土地细碎化是与土地规模经营理念相背离的一种土地形态,细碎化的土地经营模式会造成土地利用效率下降、粮食减产以及景观美观度降低等一系列问题。目前,土地细碎化程度的衡量多通过细碎度表征,但尚无统一标准,且主要针对农用地。以江苏东海县为例,首先结合景观指数与主成分分析,分别计算耕地、基础设施用地、居民点用地以及生态用地的细碎度,再通过系统聚类,分析不同地类细碎度组合的地域分异特征。结果显示：不同用地类型的细碎度是自然、社会经济的综合影响结果,耕地细碎度与居民点细碎度有着较显著的正相关关系,与生态用地细碎度有着较显著的负相关关系,基础设施用地细碎度和居民点细碎度存在一定的正相关关系,与生态用地细碎度存在一定的负相关关系,土地细碎度基于不同自然、社会经济条件,其分区也有着特定的区位特征。探讨不同用地类型细碎度间的关联性及空间分异特征可以为土地利用、经济发展以及景观改善等提供科学的引导