京津冀地区主要排放源减排对PM2.5污染改善贡献评估

研究选取2012年1月和7月作为冬夏两季代表时段,利用CMAQ/2D-VBS模型分析了冬夏两季京津冀地区主要排放源减排30%对改善区域PM_(2.5)污染的效果.结果表明,工业源对PM_(2.5)污染的贡献最大,其次是民用源,但工业源单位减排量贡献低于民用源,交通源和电厂源的整体贡献和单位减排量贡献均较小.工业部门内贡献最大的为钢铁冶金行业,其次是水泥、工业锅炉、炼焦、石灰砖瓦和化工行业.与各部门各物种排放量的比较反映出各排放源贡献大小与其一次PM_(2.5)排放水平高度相关.因京津冀地区冬季NO_x减排对PM_(2.5)形成的促进作用,以及冬季较弱的大气垂直扩散作用,各排放源夏季减排比冬季普遍更有效,交通源、电厂源以及工业源中的水泥、工业锅炉和石灰砖瓦行业夏季减排效果相比冬季优势明显.民用源由于采暖季排放较高而冬季贡献更明显,农业源因秸秆开放燃烧量大,冬季单位减排量贡献十分显著.从同等幅度减排考虑,应将工业源作为控制重点,优先控制其一次PM_(2.5)排放,在部门内进一步重点控制钢铁冶金行业的NO_x和SO_2排放、水泥行业的夏季NO_x排放以及炼焦行业的SO_2和NMVOC排放.民用源排放应着重在冬季采暖期控制.     

巯基硅烷改性多壁碳纳米管的合成及其对Cd2+的吸附性能研究

利用3-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷(MPTMS)作硅烷偶联剂对多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)进行改性,制备巯基硅烷改性多壁碳纳米管(SHMWCNTs),并进行了SH-MWCNTs对Cd~(2+)的批量吸附实验.同时,利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线光子能量仪(EDS)、红外光谱(FT-IR)对SHMWCNTs进行表征,探究了溶液初始pH、吸附剂投加量、吸附时间、溶液初始Cd~(2+)浓度等因素对吸附效果的影响,分析了吸附动力学特征及吸附等温线特征,初步探讨了吸附机理.SEM、EDS与FT-IR图谱显示,MPTMS已成功接枝到MWCNTs表面,表明SH-MWCNTs制备成功.吸附时间为90 min,pH为4时的吸附效果最佳,吸附量随SH-MWCNTs投加量、Cd~(2+)浓度的增加而增大.吸附动力学和吸附等温线研究表明,SHMWCNTs对Cd~(2+)的吸附动力学符合准二级线性方程,吸附等温线符合Freundlich、Langmuir 2种模型,吸附以单分子层吸附为主,也存在层间扩散的多层吸附.     

速生树种竹柳对复合污染土壤中镉和锌的吸收、积累与生理响应特性

为探讨竹柳在重金属复合污染(镉、锌)土壤中生长的生理变化及重金属在植株内的转移情况,以竹柳(Salix sp.)三号及竹柳五号为试验材料,以重金属复合污染的水稻土为供试土壤,通过盆栽试验研究了重金属对竹柳生理指标、重金属吸收与积累量、富集系数(BCF)和转运系数(TF)的影响.结果表明:竹柳各器官重金属含量和转移情况不同,其中,叶片中Cd、Zn含量最高,分别达61.4和1940 mg·kg~(-1);竹柳三号对Zn的转运能力大于竹柳五号,而竹柳五号的净光合速率更高;生长100 d后,重金属在竹柳叶片中的积累量和转移系数均高于其他部位,竹柳吸收的重金属主要分布在叶片中,可通过集中处理叶片达到去除土壤中重金属污染的目的.     

Alteration of dominant cyanobacteria in different bloom periods caused by abiotic factors and species interactions

Freshwater cyanobacterial blooms have drawn public attention because they threaten the safety of water resources and human health worldwide. Heavy cyanobacterial blooms outbreak in Lake Taihu in summer annually and vanish in other months. To find out the factors impacting the cyanobacterial blooms, the present study measured the physicochemical parameters of water and investigated the composition of microbial community using the 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer amplicon sequencing in the months with or without bloom. The most interesting finding is that two major cyanobacteria, Planktothrix and Microcystis, dramatically alternated during a cyanobacterial bloom in 2016, which is less mentioned in previous studies. When the temperature of the water began increasing in July, Planktothrix appeared first and showed as a superior competitor for M. aeruginosa in NO₃^?-rich conditions. Microcystis became the dominant genus when the water temperature increased further in August. Laboratory experiments confirmed the influence of temperature and the total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) form on the growth of Planktothrix and Microcystis in a co-culture system. Besides, species interactions between cyanobacteria and non-cyanobacterial microorganisms, especially the prokaryotes, also played a key role in the alteration of Planktothrix and Microcystis. The present study exhibited the alteration of two dominant cyanobacteria in the different bloom periods caused by the temperature, TDN forms as well as the species interactions. These results helped the better understanding of cyanobacterial blooms and the factors which contribute to them.     

气候变化主要因子对马铃薯生物量积累及产量和品质的影响

利用新型开顶式气室(OTC)开展CO2浓度升高和大气增温试验,分别为模拟增温2.0℃,模拟增温2.0℃且CO2浓度增加到650μmol·mol-1,对照CO2浓度约410μmol·mol-1,对马铃薯叶片、叶柄和茎等地上生物量、根和块茎等地下生物量积累过程及其特征参数的协同影响研究,分析气候变化对马铃薯产量形成和品质的...     

安全农居四字歌

.....口..农村震害,建造街房,农民盖房,建址不当,建筑材料,物筑堵体,农居工租,场址选择,地羞安全,用料保质,堵体构架,结构科学,房塌最‘漆,大计育年,常按习惯,河启暗边,旧瓦碎砖,结构松傲,地震安全,德定地段,沟柑要宽,更乃关健,紧密相联,层层梁圈,人财     

浅析紧急救援的综合性

2006年初,国务院发布了《国家突发公共事件总体应急预案》。其目的是要提高政府保障公共安全和处置突发公共事件的能力,最大程度地预防和减少突发公共事件及其造成的损害,保障公众的生命财产安全,维护国家安全和社会稳定,促进经济社会全面、协调、可     

植树节所不能拯救的森林病

发现一个“有趣”的现象。打开某知名网站的环保频道,有关于植树造林的专题。近期的新闻有一些,大抵是有关植树节活动。再看早期的新闻,居然一下就上跨到去年的同一时期。当然,去年的同一时期也要迎接植树节。     

Two-step harmless treatment of secondary aluminum dross (SAD) by vacuum distillation and alkaline roasting

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Secondary aluminum dross (SAD) is classified as hazardous waste by many countries in the world because it contains a large number of toxic and...     

Study of the pyrolysis of ionic liquid [Bmim]Cl-pretreated mango pit at low temperature

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - In the present work, mango pit was used to study the feasibility of converting ionic liquid-pretreated biomass into biofuel and activated biochar...