以多联产为支撑点的"合成气城市"规划 --煤炭城市的可持续发展

目前,中国煤炭城市普遍面临城市产业结构迫切需要转型、城市生态环境问题严重、城市人口就业形势严重等挑战。在低价高硫煤资源丰富、石油和天然气资源缺乏、经济发展水平适中、产业结构亟待调整的典型地区实施以多联产为支撑点的“合成气城市”规划,是这类煤炭城市实现经济、社会、环境、资源相互协调的可持续发展之路。本文初步探讨了“合成气城市”规划研究的内容,并以山东省济宁市是为例分析了实施“合成气城市规划”的收益。     

一种新的汛期降水集中期划分方法

汛期降水集中期是近期气象学者提出的表征汛期气候的一种新的特征量,它在气候研究中体现了较好的灵活性、客观性,通过对其分析,可为汛期气候的诊断和预测提供依据。但现在普遍使用的降水集中期在计算方法和时间长度上存在缺陷,特别是运用到时间跨度较长时段的气候分析时,特征量表征作用就有所缺失,而且计算方法较为复杂。为更好地使用降水集中期这一特征量,提出了以15天作为时长,用滑动统计来划定汛期降水集中期的新方法,并运用统计方法、天气气候学方法进行了论证,同时在长江下游主雨季降水集中期分析和金华地区汛期分析两个实例中进行了应用检验。结果表明,汛期降水集中期新方法划定的特征量与汛期降水总量存在时间上的相对独立性和总趋势上的显著相关性,且在汛期气候极端灾害事件上有较强的描述能力。因此认为,15天滑动统计新方法划定的汛期降水集中期使用便捷,天气气候意义明确,在实际应用中更为客观有效。     

基于灾变理论的盐城市土地生态安全评价研究

土地生态安全关系到区域的可续发展。以压力 状态 响应模型与灾变理论相结合,根据盐城市的土地利用特点,分别从社会、经济和生态环境方面构建土地生态安全评价指标体系,分析盐城市2002～2011年的土地生态安全变化情况,找出其中的问题,能为盐城市土地利用可持续发展提供理论依据和参考价值。研究表明：盐城市土地利用生态安全等级除了2003年和2007年为安全等级外,其余8 a均为中等安全、不安全和极不安全等级,而且基本呈逐年下降趋势;人口、环保投入和城镇化是导致盐城市土地利用生态安全等级下降的重要影响因素,这种现实状况应该引起政府相关决策部门的高度重视,最后提出了几点建议     

基于ARAMIS体系的某原油罐区风险评估

随着我国原油罐区规模的逐渐扩大,原油罐区安全管理也在经受着严峻的挑战。以西北某原油罐区为例,建立了基于ARAMIS体系原油罐区风险评估模型,从识别危险设备出发,找出对应设备的关键事件,建立事故树和事故后果蝴蝶结图,从而建立完整的事故场景,并对事故场景进行风险后果严重度分析;然后考虑到欧盟国家与我国国情存在明显的差异,邀请国内相关专家对人员、环境、设施的相对重要性程度重新进行评估,并根据层次分析法计算得到人员、环境、设施脆弱性指标的权重值,构建了适合我国原油罐区特性的系统脆弱性计算方程;最后,基于风险后果严重度和系统脆弱性评估结果,计算得到系统的风险值,并确定原油罐区系统的风险水平。结果表明：相较于欧盟研究中心调查打分法,我国调查打分法对人员脆弱性指标的权重有所提高,导致计算得到的原油罐区系统整体风险值略高,体现我国对原油泄漏严重后果的重视程度更高,也进一步体现了引入层次分析法并据此制定适于我国国情的原油罐区风险评价方法的必要性。该风险评估结果可为原油罐区火灾事故模拟和制定应急预案提供数据支持和决策依据。     

木质纤维素原料预处理技术研究近况

木质纤维素的结构导致其不易降解。通过酸处理、碱处理、液态高温水技术、爆破处理、湿式氧化、超临界CO2处理、生物降解等预处理手段,可使后续过程的效率大大提高。较为全面地对国内外木质纤维素原料预处理技术的研究近况做了总结,主要对国外学者的试验方法和现象分析进行了简要描述,并对萼合于我国的方法提出了自己的观点。     

高铁酸钾氧化去除弱碱性地下水中低浓度石油类污染物实验研究

研究一般地下水弱碱性水溶液中,高铁酸钾对低浓度石油烃类污染物的氧化去除率.采用0#柴油模拟石油类污染物试验水样,氧化反应在200mL烧杯中模拟完全混合状态完成.实验分析浓度分别为5.02mg/L、2.05mg/L、1.01mg/L和0.52mg/L4个水样石油类污染物氧化去除率.实验研究显示,石油类污染浓度与高铁酸钾浓...     

资阳市大气污染源排放清单研究

采用实地调研、资料收集等方式获得了2017年资阳市典型污染源的活动水平数据,参照城市大气污染物排放清单编制技术手册建立了基于排放因子法和物料衡算法的资阳市大气污染源排放清单,分析了主要污染物的行业排放特征和空间分布特征。结果表明,2017年资阳市SO₂、NO_X、CO、PM₁₀、PM_2.5、VOCs、NH₃总排放量分别为3.58kt、13.91kt、94.91kt、25.51kt、8.67kt、23.84kt和46.44kt。SO₂排放主要来自工业源;NOX排放主要来自移动源;CO排放主要来自工业过程及移动源;PM₁₀和PM_2.5、排放来自扬尘源和露天秸秆焚烧;VOCs主要来自溶剂使用源;NH₃主要来自农业活动。资阳市主要污染物排放分布在工业点源较为集中的雁江区和安岳县,乐至县污染物排放量相对较小。     

Optimization of low-temperature drying of laying-hen manure using response surface methodology

ABSTRACT

Manure-drying system using exhausted air from laying hen houses or ambient air has been extensively used in China to dewater the manure for easy transportation and to reduce pathogen levels prior to land application. Due to the climate influence or inappropriate setting of technological parameters, there are some issues in this manure-drying system, such as low dehydration rate, high energy consumption, and high ammonia emission. A purpose-designed experimental drying apparatus was set up to simulate the commercial manure drying system. Drying experiments were carried out to assess the impacts of hot air temperature (15–35°C), air velocity (0.6–1.8 m/s) and manure layer thickness (60–140 mm) on fan’s energy consumption, dehydration rate, and nitrogen loss rate. The response surface analysis method and sub-stepping method was used to analyze the relationships between the response variables and the influence factors. The drying curves were drawn, and the quadratic regression mathematical models that described the relations between the experimental indices and the influence factors were established. The optimal combination of technological parameters for drying laying-hen manure was obtained through conducting a multi-objective function optimization by function-expected optimization. The optimal parameters are as follows: hot air temperature of 35°C, air velocity of 1.60 m/s, and manure layer thickness of 85 mm. The results also indicate that raising the hot air temperature increased the value of synthesis objective function when the hot air temperature was in 26–35°C. The results can provide a theoretical basis for low-temperature drying of laying-hen manure in actual production.

Implications: A large amount of poultry manure is produced yearly in China, which has become a tremendous pressure on the environment when it cannot be utilized as resources. A more sustainable solution using the residual heat from the poultry house ventilation or ambient hot air has been widely used in China. This drying method can significantly reduce energy consumption compared to the traditional way. However, due to the influence of climate or inappropriate setting of technological parameters, issues such as high energy consumption and high ammonia emission still exist in this method. It is necessary to optimize the low-temperature drying process of laying-hen manure, to reduce energy consumption and nitrogen loss rate.     

Antibiotic contamination in a typical water-rich city in southeast China: a concern for drinking water resource safety

Abstract

The occurrence and distribution in the aquatic environment of Nanjing of 49 antibiotics from seven therapeutic classes were investigated using an improved analytical method developed for multiclass target analysis. The results showed that these antibiotics are widely present in the water bodies of this city, with a total concentration of up to 1.958?μg L^?1. The most abundant class was tetracyclines, contributing 43.7% to the total antibiotic burden. Lincomycin was detected in all samples, and the detection rate of clindamycin was 90.5%. An exploratory analysis of the data points was performed by unsupervised pattern recognition (hierarchical cluster analysis, HCA) in an attempt to clarify the pollution level in different sampling areas, and robust cluster solutions grouped the data according to their different antibiotic contaminant profiles. The safety of drinking water resources was emphasized, and the rivers, as the main receiving water body for treated and untreated wastewater in this city, were more seriously contaminated than the surrounding lakes and reservoir, not only in concentration but also in detection frequency, in our study as well as in similar research studies. A correlation analysis between the presence of antibiotics and the environmental factors was conducted, and it was found that antibiotic contamination and water quality were closely connected; the better the water quality, the lower the antibiotic contamination. Positive correlations existed between the antibiotics and tested heavy metals, as well as between antibiotics and boron and arsenic. However, whether these correlations resulted from their reaction or a common source was difficult to determine, and the mechanism requires further exploration.     

Pathways regulating nitrogen removal in constructed ditch wetlands: effects of different inflow ratios and artificial aeration

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Constructed ditch wetland (CDW) is a combination of idle ditch and constructed wetland, which is typically used in rural areas to remove pollutants...