温度对小叶海金沙生长的影响

用野外调查测定和室内模拟的方法研究了温度对小叶海金沙生长的影响.结果表明,小叶海金沙疯狂生长群落中的温度比正常生长群落高,且温度与其净光合速率呈极显著正相关,而这两种类型群落内大气相对湿度以及光照差异较小.此外,土壤养分和土壤pH与小叶海金沙的生长速度无明显的关联性.根据研究结果推测:温度可能是小叶海金沙疯狂生长原因之一.     

中国自然资源学会2005年学术年会在济南召开

2005年11月14日,中国自然资源学会2005年学术年会在山东师范大学隆重召开。大会历时两天,来自全国84个科研院所和大专院校的280名代表参加了会议。本次大会的主题是“发展资源科技,建设节约型社会”。围绕该主题,设立了4个专题,即:“节约型社会的资源科学理论与技术”、“资源持续利用、开发保护与节约型社会”、“土地资源节约利用与技术”、“湿地资源的保护、生态修复与区域可持续发展”。本届年会还首次设立了“资源学院院长论坛”,该论坛的设立是本次大会的创新点,目的在于促进我国资源学科建设,培育资源学科人才,加强各兄弟院校和科研单位的合作,推进资源科学的发展。     

气-固流化床光催化氧化甲苯的研究

在自制的流化床光催化反应装置中研究了中低浓度(28~140mg/m3)甲苯的气相光催化降解过程,考察了光照时间、初始浓度、表观气速和催化剂负载量等因素对甲苯光催化降解率的影响规律。结果表明,紫外灯照射约1·5h,甲苯的转化率达最大值,甲苯初始浓度越低,维持此最大值的时间越久;在一定低浓度范围内(28~55mg/m3),甲苯的转化率不随浓度变化,符合一级反应动力学,浓度进一步增加,则甲苯的转化率下降;表观气速和催化剂负载量的最佳值分别为3·3Umf和0·19gTiO2/gSiO2。     

过电流故障铝导线熔痕部位与组织特征关联性研究

为深入研究过电流故障铝导线熔痕部位与组织特征之间的关联关系,本文模拟2.5 mm²BLV铝导线通25～187.5 A电流时的发热、熔断和燃烧过程,研究过电流铝导线发热形变与熔痕形成的内在关联,根据各部位熔痕受热形成过程,分类识别典型组织特征。研究结果表明:随着电流值升高,铝导线先后出现线芯发热、绝缘热解、熔断拉弧、绝缘燃烧、重力折断等现象,发生熔断拉弧的临界电流值位于[71.5,73)A区间内;重力折断痕迹和导线本体组织受线芯发热和绝缘燃烧的共同影响,组织为粗大的块状晶,折断点为锯齿状寸断痕迹;熔断电弧熔痕为高温电弧作用于熔化金属后凝固形成,呈树枝状、纤维状铸态组织,分区分布,孔洞较少,表现为圆珠状、钝头状、尖头型、弯折状、牵拉状等5种典型形貌。通过建立熔痕部位与组织特征的关联,增加故障判断证据维度,为准确识别铝导线发生过电流故障及溯源起火过程提供数据支持。     

影响富营养化水体沉水植物修复的生态因子探讨

日益严重的水体富营养化现象,不仅降低了它的使用功能,也使水生态系统日趋退化,从而制约了当地社会经济的可持续发展。利用组建或重建沉水植物技术净化水质或进行水体生态修复是一种有效的生态工程措施。本文综述了光照、pH、营养盐、重金属、悬浮颗粒物及着生藻类等生态因子对沉水植物修复的影响和修复时应注意的问题。     

Ecological service assessment of human-dominated freshwater ecosystem with a case study in Yangzhou Prefecture, China

Freshwater ecosystems provide a host of services to humanity. These services are now rapidly being lost, not least because of the inability of making the impacts measurable. To overcome this obstacle, assessment frameworks for freshwater ecosystem services are needed. A simple water equivalent framework to assess the ecological services provided by freshwater ecosystems was developed in this study. It translated the occupation of freshwater ecosystem services into biologically freshwater volumes and then compares this consumption to the freshwater throughput, that is, the ecological capacity available in this region. In this way, we use the example of Yangzhou Prefecture, to account the main categories of human occupation of water ecosystem services. The result showed that there is a huge gap between the consumption and the supply of freshwater ecosystem services. This must encourage local government to make land-use and water management decisions both economically rational and environmentally sound.     

Interfacial effects of suspended particles on biodegradation of N (2,4 dimethyl phenyl) N'' methylformamidine hydrochloride and dibutyl phthalate in waters

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Activity maintenance of the excised branches and a case study of NO2 exchange between the atmosphere and P. nigra branches

The efficient maintenance of the activity of excised branches is the powerful guarantee to accurately determine gas exchange flux between the detached branches of tall trees and the atmosphere. In this study, the net photosynthetic rate(NPR) of the excised branches and branches in situ were measured simultaneously by using two photosynthetic instruments to characterize the activity of the excised branches of Phyllostachys nigra. The ratio of normalized NPR of excised branches to NPR in situ was used to assess the photosynthetic activity of detached branches. Based on photosynthetic activity, an optimal hydroponics protocol for maintaining activity of excised P. nigra branches was presented:1/8 times the concentration of Gamborg B5 vitamin mixture with p H = 6. Under the best cultivation protocol, photosynthetic activity of excised P. nigra branches could be maintained more than 90% within 6 hr in the light intensity range of 200–2000 μmol/(m2·sec) and temperature range of 13.4–28.7°C. The nitrogen dioxide(NO2) flux differences between in situ and in vitro branches and the atmosphere were compared using double dynamic chambers.Based on the maintenance method of excised branches, the NO2 exchange flux between the excised P. nigra branches and the atmosphere(from-1.01 to-2.72 nmol/(m2·sec) was basically consistent with between the branches in situ and the atmosphere(from-1.12 to-3.16 nmol/(m2 sec)) within 6 hr. Therefore, this study provided a feasible protocol for in vitro measurement of gas exchange between tall trees and the atmosphere for a period of time.     

生态建设理论与实践

自然生态系统是可持续发展的，人类传统的社会经济发展以破坏生态系统８为代价。生态建设以社会－经济－自然人类复合生态系统理论为依据，以区域或行业为单元，或以解决生态环境问题或以生态恢复为宗旨而进行的。我国生态建设的基本经验是：站在可持续发展的高度，以生态革命的新思路进行战略规划，以生态经济学、产业生态学和生态工程学原理为指导进行技术规划，同时提出优先发展的生态产业类型、技术和方法，第一性生产量最大、生     

兰州冬季大气污染来源分析

利用WRF(天气研究与预报模式)输出的高分辨率气象数据驱动HYSPLIT_4.9(混合单粒子拉格朗日轨迹模式),结合PSCF(潜在源贡献因子)和CWT(权重浓度轨迹分析)模拟研究复杂地形下兰州城市尺度大气污染物局地输送特征、潜在源区及其对空气质量的影响. 结果表明:2002—2008年影响兰州城区冬季12月空气质量的轨迹可分为5类,输送类型可分为城区内输送和城区外输送. 第1、3类轨迹出现频率均大于20%且污染轨迹出现频率均大于38%,是污染物的主要输送路径,对应潜在源区为兰州城关区东北部和榆中县东部,这2个源区对ρ(PM₁₀)的影响最大,对ρ(SO₂)的影响最小,对ρ(PM₁₀)、ρ(SO₂)和ρ(NO₂)的贡献分别超过200、80和60 μg/m3. 来自榆中县的第4类轨迹和兰州西固区的第5类轨迹易造成大气重污染,而来自皋兰县的第2类轨迹属于清洁轨迹. 兰州冬季污染既受局地输送的影响,也与地面天气形势密切相关.