A model for ecological assessment to pesticide pollution management

Applying the relational analysis in the Grey System Theory and Method, the comprehensive evaluation on five pesticide pollution controlling techniques in the vegetable production has been made and a comprehensive profit (cp–comprehensive cost (cc) evaluation system (composed of 15 comprehensive cost indices and 14 comprehensive profit indices) has been established, with a index optimization matrix of comprehensive cost indices and comprehensive profit indices obtained and a ratio model of comprehensive cost to comprehensive profit (R_cc/cp) built. Results show that the R_cc/cp value of vegetables intercropping soybeans in insect-proof thin film greenhouses is the smallest and the R_cc/cp value of vegetables intercropping taros in insect-proof net greenhouses, pheromones in insect-proof thin film greenhouses, pheromones in insect-proof thin film greenhouses and ground planting (only using chemical pesticide for insect-proof without covering materials and synthetic sex pheromone) other four techniques are 0.6268, 0.6393, 0.6407, 0.9809 respectively. In accordance with the R_cc/cp value, vegetables intercropping soybeans in insect-proof thin film greenhouses can be the most optimized pesticide pollution controlling technique in the vegetable growing.     

NP型复合纳滤膜对豆腐废水处理的应用

本文对ＮＰ型复合纳滤膜的分离性能进行了初步实验并在此基础上采用纳滤膜平板过滤装置对豆腐加工过程中产生的废水进行处理,以降低废水中的ＣＯＤ含量,实验结果表明,ＮＰ型复合纳滤膜对０．２％ＭｇＳＯ４溶液的截留率（Ｒ）高于９０％,相应秀量约为２０Ｌｍ＾－２．ｈ＾－１（０．４ＭＰａ）,豆腐废水ＣＯＤ的去除率大于９０％     

Degradation of rhodamine B by Fe(0)-based Fenton process with H2O2

Degradation of rhodamine B by Fe(0)-based Fenton process with H₂O₂ was investigated. The effects of H₂O₂ dose, Fe(0) dose, initial concentration of rhodamine B and initial pH value on the degradation of rhodamine B were examined. The results showed that the degradation and mineralization of rhodamine B occurred with low dose of H₂O₂ and Fe(0). The intermediates of rhodamine B were analyzed with UV-Vis spectrophotometry and ion chromatography and the mechanism of oxidative degradation of rhodamine B was also discussed. The reactive oxygen species (·OH) produced in Fe(0)-based Fenton process with H₂O₂ is the key to the degradation of rhodamine B by ways of N-de-ethylation, chromophore cleavage, ring-opening and mineralization.     

二级活性炭生物流化床深度处理有机胺废水研究

采用二级活性炭生物流化床工艺深度处理有机胺废水,研究了有机容积负荷、NH3-N容积负荷以及曝气间歇对COD、NH3-N去除效果的影响.结果表明:当有机容积负荷为0.94～2.38 kg COD/(m3·d)时,二级流化床对COD的去除率为80.6%～95.5%,比一级流化床的抗有机负荷冲击的能力更强;当NH3-N容积负...     

不同硅铝比的ZSM-5型沸石分子筛吸附水中Cu2+离子的研究

考察了3种不同硅铝比的ZSM-5沸石分子筛（25H、38H和50H,25、38和50为硅铝比）对水中Cu²⁺的吸附过程及其影响因素。结果表明,3种材料均能有效吸附去除水中Cu²⁺离子,动力学符合假二阶动力学模型,吸附等温线符合Langmuir吸附等温式。3种材料吸附速率及吸附容量顺序为：25H＞50H＞38H,其中,25H最大吸附容量达到12.83 mg/g。投加量由0.8 g/L增加至2.0 g/L,材料对Cu²⁺吸附去除率由87.0%增加至97.5%。考察水中常见阳离子对吸附的干扰作用,结果表明,干扰离子的影响顺序为：Pb²⁺> K⁺> Na⁺ > Mg²⁺;随着干扰离子浓度的增大,材料对Cu²⁺的去除率显著下降。硅铝比及晶粒形貌均对沸石分子筛吸附Cu2+有较大影响,小的孔径不利于Cu²⁺的吸附,低硅铝比有利于Cu²⁺在分子筛上的吸附。     

Analysis and characterization of cultivable heavy metal-resistant bacterial endophytes isolated from Cd-hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum L. and their potential use for phytoremediation

This study investigates the heavy metal-resistant bacterial endophytes of Cd-hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum L. grown on a mine tailing by using cultivation-dependent technique. Thirty Cd-tolerant bacterial endophytes were isolated from roots, stems, and leaves of S. nigrum L. and classified by amplified ribosomal DNA-restriction analysis into 18 different types. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequences showed that these isolates belonged to four groups: Actinobacteria (43%), Proteobacteria (23%), Bacteroidetes (27%) and Firmicutes (7%). All the isolates were then characterized for their plant growth promoting traits as well as their resistances to different heavy metals; and the actual plant growth promotion and colonization ability were also assessed. Four isolates were re-introduced into S. nigrum L. under Cd stress and resulted in Cd phytotoxicity decrease, as dry weights of roots increased from 55% to 143% and dry weights of above-ground from 64% to 100% compared to the uninoculated ones. The total Cd accumulation of inoculated plants increased from 66% to 135% (roots) and from 22% to 64% (above-ground) compared to the uninoculated ones. Our research suggests that bacterial endophytes are a most promising resource and may be the excellent candidates of bio-inoculants for enhancing the phytoremediation efficiency.     

Effects of perinatal exposure to bisphenol A and di(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate on gonadal development of male mice

Purpose

In this study, we investigated the effects of maternal transfer of bisphenol A (BPA) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) during gestational and weaning periods on gonadal development of male offspring.

Methods

Pregnant CD-1 mice were administered by gavages in corn oil with 0.1, 1, or 10 mg/kg/day of BPA and DEHP from gestational days (GD1?C21) to the weaning period (postnatal days (PND) 1?C21).

Results

Our data indicated that the exposure significantly reduced the male-to-female sex ratio and the sizes of the gonads of male pups as recorded at PND15. The testes of the perinatally exposed male pups were developed less and the expression levels of testicular anti-mullerian hormone, androgen receptor, cyclin A, and StAR were significantly lesser than the control male pups. The less developed testes were accompanied with significant reductions in the expression levels of Gnrh and Fsh at the hypothalamic?Cpituitary levels. The negative effects were found to be persistent in the sexually mature pups at PND42.

Conclusion

Our data reveal that the maternal transfer of BPA and DEHP may impose negative influence on the development and functions of the reproductive system of male pups.     

淀粉废水水解酸化处理中的酶比活变化特性

以淀粉废水水解酸化处理系统中的蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脱氢酶为研究对象,考察了在无机离子、营养元素、pH等条件作用下的酶比活变化规律.实验结果表明:Mg2+和Co2+对酶比活有显著影响,MgCl2·6H2O加入量为30 mg/L时蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脱氖酶的比活分别是空白的5.6倍、1.6倍、1.5倍,COD去除率提高17.6%;而CoCl2·6H2O加入量为10 mg/L时,蛋白酶和淀粉酶的比活较单独投加30 mg/L的MgCl2·6H2O时分别下降了80.6%和42.5%,脱氢酶比活却提高了13.2%;以NH4Cl与CO(NH2)2作为混合N源(m(NH4Cl):m(CO(NH2)2)=1:2)时蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脱氢酶的比活分别是单独以CO(NH2)2为N源时的3.0倍、1.4倍、1.8倍,COD去除率提高了11.8%;中性偏碱性条件较利于酶促反应的进行.     

Two-stage biodegradation coupled with ultrafiltration for treatment of municipal landfill leachate

The municipal landfill leachate was treated in a hydrolysis–acidification reactor (HAR)/aerobic bio-contact oxidation reactor (ABOR) following a pretreatment with ultrafiltration (UF) membrane. Experiments were conducted continuously for 44 days at a constant flow rate of 20 l d⁻¹ and organic loading rates (OLRs) from 0.75 to 1.5 kgCOD m⁻³ per day. The results showed that COD of the leachate steadily decreased from 20,015 mg l⁻¹ to less than 3000 mg l⁻¹, and NH₄-N decreased from 368.6 mg l⁻¹ to 259.3 mg l⁻¹ in the UF process. The COD and NH₄-N removal efficiency of HAR was 56.7% and 27.7%, and that of ABOR was 94.6% and 86.7%, respectively. The total COD and NH₄-N removal efficiency reached 99.6% and 93.2%, respectively. UF and HAR played a critical role in raising the biodegradability of the landfill leachate, while ABOR had an important function on removing the dissolved NH₄-N in leachate.     

重力翻板式有机生活垃圾快速堆肥中试研究

采用自行研制的一套新型快速堆肥装置——重力翻板式垃圾快速堆肥装置,对易腐有机物含量80%左右,含水率73%左右的生活垃圾进行快速发酵中试研究。生活垃圾在4 d的间歇动态初级发酵期内,能保持70℃以上温度3 d以上,无害化、减量化及节能减耗效果好。