珠三角地区经济与环境协调发展政策研究

研究珠三角地区经济与环境协调发展状况,对于实现该区经济增长与环境保护协调可持续发展具有重要的现实意义。因此,运用协调度(C)和协调发展度(D),分析了2005年-2015年珠三角地区经济与环境协调发展关系。结果表明:珠三角地区整体经济与环境的协调度先升后降,协调发展度明显逐年提升;环境管理体制能促使珠三角地区污染产业转移,实现产业升级。     

External benefits of environmental regulation: Resource recovery and the utilisation of effluents

Summary Since 1977, stringent environmental regulation has been progressively imposed on Malaysia's most polluting industry, the palm oil mills. The impact of the regulation on international trade and producer welfare has been quite small compared to the relative benefits to society in terms of changes in the levels of dissolved oxygen in the industrial effluents. External benefits from pollution abatement have been derived. This paper presents a preliminary evaluation of the derived benefits which have a long- term potential of recycling valuable resources while maintaining competitiveness in the international palm oil trade.Dr Khalid Abdul Rahim is a member of faculty in the Department of Natural Resource Economics at the Universiti Pertanian Malaysia. Wan Mustafa Wan Ali is a research assistant in the Department. This paper is based on part of the "Intensification of Research in Priority Areas" (IRPA) project 1991–95, funded by the Government of Malaysia.     

Prediction of Soil and Nutrient Losses in A Highland Catchment

Highland catchments in tropical regions are frequently subjected to soil erosion and the transport of chemicals downstream. Any drastic changes in land use will increase the severity of these processes of land degradation. A simulation study using GLEAMS (Groundwater Loading Effects of Agricultural Management Systems) was conducted at a catchment presently under tea farming in Cameron Highlands, Malaysia. Soil, water and nutrient transport associated with several alternative land uses was studied. In addition, the effect of a disruptive form of land clearing on soil, water and nutrient losses was also investigated. Modelling with GLEAMS required information from field measurements and observations, laboratory analyses, guide tables, industry records, maps and reports published by soil survey and meteorological departments. The most critical step in simulating soil and water movement using GLEAMS is the identification of a representative flow sequence. In the catchment under study, the representative flow sequence was overland flow–channel 1–channel 2. Input data on soil erodibility, porosity and surface roughness were manipulated to represent various degrees and forms of disturbance to the surface soil layer. For all land uses studied, the highest soil loss was predicted for the overland flow area where slope gradient is high and the soil friable. The variations in soil loss, runoff and nutrient loss between landscape elements and between land uses were consistent with soil erosion features observed in the field. Soil and nutrient losses were substantial for crops such as cabbage that required land shaping activities and frequent ploughing of the soil. Predicted data on enrichment ratio of specific surface (ERSS) are consistent with nutrient enrichment processes in the field and could prove to be useful in studies on chemical transport in highland catchments.     

WATER QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF STORM WATER FROM MAJOR LAND USES IN SOUTH FLORIDA1

ABSTRACT: Starting in 1998, a study was conducted to characterize storm water quality from predominant land use types in a coastal watershed along the south central coast of Florida, namely citrus, pasture, urban, natural wetland, row crop, dairy, and golf courses. Sixty‐three sampling sites were located at strategic points on drainage conveyances for each of seven specific land use areas. Runoff samples were collected following storm events that met defined rainfall criteria for a period of 30 months. Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), heavy metals, pesticides, and other water quality parameters were determined, and the results were analyzed to compare and characterize land uses as relative sources for these constituents in runoff. Results showed that runoff from most land use types had low dissolved oxygen concentration and that sediment and nutrient concentrations were closely related to land use, particularly to the amount of fertilizer applied in each land use. Among the eight heavy metals tested, copper was the most frequently detected and was mostly associated with runoff from citrus and golf course land uses. High levels of arsenic were also detected in golf course runoff. The most frequently detected pesticide was simazine from citrus. The information and methodologies presented may facilitate pollution source characterization and ecological restoration efforts.     

绿色化学与环境保护

近年来国际上较普遍提倡和开展的绿色化学与技术的研究,目的是发展环境友好技术、环境无害技术或清洁生产技术,同时强调化学过程的原子经济性,反应的高选择性,不生成或很少生成副产品或废物,实现或接近零排放过程。通过介绍国内外对绿色化学的研究进展,指出国外对绿色化学的研究主要是围绕化学反应、原料、催化剂、溶剂和产品的绿色化展开的。绿色化学的发展能节省资源、减少环境污染,并将成为可持续发展战略的核心内容。     

工伤保险第一讲工伤保险的意义与作用

目前 ,我国工伤保险加快了改革的步伐 ,工伤保险必将对安全生产起到很大的促进作用。讲座从工伤保险的意义与作用、现状与发展、基本原则和特点、工伤保险补偿待遇、工伤保险费率水平与调节作用及工伤保险基金管理等方面讲述了工伤保险及其相关知识     

重塑经营者的激励机制

对于现代企业来说,如何激励经营者,充分发挥其潜能,为企业和股东创造出最大经济价值,成了债权人、股东、经营者等利益集团十分关心的问题。国家应建立和完善经营者的激励机制,企业应结合自身发展战略,重新设计经营者的薪酬计划,有效地推动经营者个人的行为表现,带领企业朝着整体战略目标迈进。     

SBR法处理工艺分类与应用

在归纳SBR法处理工艺分类的基础上，介绍各种SBR工艺处理难降解有机物的应用现状。     

制定政府采购绿色标准培育循环经济市场

消费市场是循环经济链中的重要环节，发展循环经济要符合社会经济发展需要，能够被市场所接受。发挥和利用政府采购具有的社会政策功能，实现政府采购的“绿色化”，对循环经济市场的形成具有主导作用。绿色采购是现实可行的，应借鉴先进国家的经验，根据循环经济的原则制定政府绿色采购实施细则。有关标准可分成强制性、硬性和弹性三种，有关指标可分成共性指标和特性指标两类。     

灭螺植物资源的开发利用研究

利用我国灭螺植物资源的优势 ,对32种药用植物[1]进行了灭螺实验 ,并从中筛选出5种对水陆两栖型钉螺(Oncomelaniahupensis)毒杀作用强烈、资源丰富、对环境污染较小的植物。研制了植物颗粒剂和植物粉剂两种灭螺剂型用于灭螺实验。实验结果表明 :植物颗粒灭螺剂对钉螺有强烈的毒杀作用 ,钉螺取食颗粒剂后24h死亡率分别达84 8%～100 % ,其毒杀效果明显优于相同植物的其它灭螺方法 ,对钉螺致死时间比1×10-3g/l氯硝柳胺化学灭螺剂提前12～24h。与其他植物灭螺方法比较 ,具有应用广泛、简便实用的特点 ,为利用植物资源进行灭螺提供了一种新的方法。