载铜氮化碳纳米片对单质汞的吸附脱除特性

用简易热剥离法合成了氮化碳纳米片（CNNS）,再通过等体积浸渍法将铜负载于CNNS表面合成了载铜CNNS吸附剂,用于低温下吸附脱除气态单质汞（Hg⁰）.利用氮气吸附-脱附、X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）等手段对吸附剂进行表征.结果表明：CNNS对Hg⁰具有良好的吸附性能,吸附温度为120℃时,脱汞效率约为54.2%;载铜修饰可极大提高CNNS的脱汞活性,脱汞效率在40~240℃温度范围内均大于82.3%,这归因于铜与氮化碳间的紧密接触.煅烧温度对载铜CNNS的脱汞活性影响较大,最佳煅烧温度为200℃.通过载铜修饰可有效活化CNNS,提高其对Hg⁰的氧化能力,这可能归因于铜离子与氮化碳之间的莫特-肖特基电子转移效应.SO₂和水蒸气对载铜CNNS的脱汞性能有抑制作用.     

One-step synthesis of Cu(II) metal–organic gel as recyclable material for rapid, efficient and size selective cationic dyes adsorption

Efficient removal of non-biodegradable and hazardous dyes from wastewater remains a hot research topic. Herein, a rationally designed a Cu(Ⅱ)-based metal–organic gel(Cu-MOG) with a nanoporous 3 D network structure prepared via a simple one-step mixing method was successfully employed for the removal of cationic dyes. The Cu-MOG exhibited high efficiency, with an adsorption capacity of up to 650.32 mg/g, and rapid adsorption efficiency, with the ability to adsorb 80% of Neutral Red within 1 min. The high adsorption efficiency was attributed to its large specific surface area, which enabled it to massively bind cationic dyes through electrostatic interaction, and a nanoporous structure that promoted intra-pore diffusion. Remarkably, the Cu-MOG displayed size-selective adsorption, based on adsorption studies concerning dyes of different sizes as calculated by density functional theory. Additionally, the adsorption performance of the Cu-MOG still maintained removal efficiency of 100% after three regeneration cycles. These results suggested that the Cu-MOG could be expected to be a promising and competitive candidate to conveniently process wastewater.     

SIL评估技术在柴油加氢装置的应用

介绍了安全仪表系统安全完整性等级(SIL)评估方法,并将SIL评估技术在柴油加氢装置进行应用,系统全面分析了装置安全仪表系统的可靠性,并提出合理可行的建议措施,对于提高装置安全稳定运行水平具有重要作用。     

人口与可持续发展

有限的资源不能支撑无限增加的人口，面对高速增长的人口，人们产生了种种不同的认识。本文分析了人口增长与食物供给，人口增长与生态环境和经济发展的矛盾；阐述了最大人口容量及经济最优人口计算需要考虑的因素和基本；提出我国必须坚持严格控制人口增长的政策，这是可持续发展的需要。     

油码头污染防治对策初探

随着石油化工企业规模的扩大和进出口油品的需要，海上油品运输量的比例越来越大，油码头的规模也在不断扩大。近年来油码头在储运过程中也经常发生一些环境污染事故。根据油码头储运过程中发生的环境问题，通过对油码头生产工艺流程、设备及储运过程中主要污染物产生来源的分析基础上，提出了油码头烃类大气污染物、含油污水、噪声等的污染防治措施。     

测定模拟月壤物理和力学性质的室内试验方法研究

模拟月壤的物理和力学性质是月球科学研究的重要内容,但是由于模拟月壤具有含水率低、孔隙比大的特性,不易采用一般的室内土工试验方法进行测定。通过改进制样方法,即通过环刀和击实后试样高度严格控制模拟月壤试样的质量和密实度,得到了测定模拟月壤物理和力学性质较为准确的室内试验方法,并探讨了模拟月壤的抗剪强度指标与密实度和粒径的关系以及模拟月壤的含水率对其抗剪强度的影响。试验结果表明:模拟月壤的天然密度与粒径大小有关,其抗剪强度指标与密实度和粒径大小有关。该试验方法具有操作简单、准确性好、成本低的优点,也适用于其他与模拟月壤类似的低含水率、高孔隙比土样的物理和力学性质的室内测定。     

战略环境评价在中国的发展及方法学探讨

本文在回顾和评述战略评价（SEA）的发展状况的基础上，从概念和实践的角度，对SEA方法学作了初步探讨，并提出SEA方法学研究的一般思路。     

圆管空拔壁厚变化分析

此文利用主应力法推导出圆管空拔壁厚变化量解析式。该式计算结果与以定常三维流动上界解析同类问题结果相接近,且表达式简单,也与拔管的实验结果相一致。因而,可在圆管空拔壁厚计算时推广应用。     

Population Viability Analysis for the Przewalski's Gazelle

The Przewalski's gazelle, Procapra przewalskii, is now isolated in four local populations on the east and northwest shores of Qinghai Lake. We have been being conducting field surveys in the Qinghai Lake region since 1994. Based on the information we gathered from those surveys, we carried out a Population Viability Analysis (PVA) on the Przewalski's gazelle. We discovered that the Przewalski's gazelle would be extinct within 200 years if no management measures were taken. Since the local population size of the gazelle is small, the most effective measures are to control the wolf density and to reduce the impact of climatic catastrophes. In order to increase the population of the gazelle, we should also take measures to increase primary production of the grassland, to establish a habitat corridor, and to increase the rate of migration of individuals among different local populations.