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Bobo Wu Tongran Wu Yangyang Cui Aiping Lian Ye Tian Renfei Li Xinyu Liu Jing Yan Yifeng Xue Huan Liu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,35(2):513-521
Over the past decade, the emission standards and fuel standards in Beijing have been upgraded twice, and the vehicle structure has been improved by accelerating the elimination of 2.95 million old vehicles. Through the formulation and implementation of these policies, the emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in 2019 were 147.9, 25.3, 43.4, and 0.91 kton in Beijing, respectively. The emission factor method was adopted to better understand the emissions characteristics of primary air pollutants from combustion engine vehicles and to improve pollution control. In combination with the air quality improvement goals and the status of social and economic development during the 14th Five-Year Plan period in Beijing, different vehicle pollution control scenarios were established, and emissions reductions were projected. The results show that the emissions of four air pollutants (CO, VOCs, NOx, and PM2.5) from vehicles in Beijing decreased by an average of 68% in 2019, compared to their levels in 2009. The contribution of NOx emissions from diesel vehicles increased from 35% in 2009 to 56% in 2019, which indicated that clean and energy-saving diesel vehicle fleets should be further improved. Electric vehicle adoption could be an important measure to reduce pollutant emissions. With the further upgrading of vehicle structure and the adoption of electric vehicles, it is expected that the total emissions of the four vehicle pollutants can be reduced by 20%-41% by the end of the 14th Five-Year Plan period. 相似文献
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阐述了用不完全厌氧——好氧工艺和投入优势菌的方法处理丝绸染整及砂洗废水的原理,工艺流程,工艺参数、经济效益及结果分析。从实验室及生产试验数据看,此法可使废水的COD由2000—3000mg/l降低至100mg/l以下,平均去除率达96%。出水BOD小于30mg/l,平均去除率为95%。 相似文献
465.
基于RS和GIS的西部干旱区生态环境调控研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
实现生态环境优化调控与科学管理,是保护生态环境、促进社会经济与环境协调发展、建立人与自然和谐关系的重要举措。尤其是对生态环境十分脆弱的西部干旱地区,各级政府和学术界给予高度的重视。在定量研究生态环境调控的理论方法和具体操作过程中,需要借助遥感(RS)、地理信息系统(GIS)以及它们的结合等技术手段,来实现时空变化信息的实时、动态监测以及信息的提取、分析和处理。本文针对西部干旱区生态环境调控问题。提出一种RS和GIS支持下的生态环境调控量化研究方法,包括基于RS和GIS的西部干旱区生态环境量化指标体系、生态环境调控管理模型、调控方案优选与实施。并介绍一个应用例子。 相似文献
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钢铁厂废水中有机污染物组成分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用GDX-502树脂富集等前处理方法。毛细管气相色谱和色—质联用等检测手段,分析钢铁厂废水有机污染物组成。定性出以芳烃类、酚类为主的73种有机污染物。采用多污染物环境影响评价系统,就其有机污染物对人体健康和生态的潜在危害进行了初步评价。结果表明,甲酚、萘、苯、酚是危害人体健康和生态的主要污染物。 相似文献
468.
Sulfonamides are used in human therapy,animal husbandry and agriculture but are not easily biodegradable,and are often detected in surface water.Sulfamethazine(SMZ) and sulfadiazine(SDZ) are two widely used sulfonamide antibiotics that are used heavily in agriculture.In this study,they were degraded in an aqueous system by chlorination after pre-oxidation with ferrate(VI)(FeVIO42-,Fe(VI)),an environmentally friendly oxidation technique that has been shown to be effective in degrading various organics.The kinetics of the degradation were determined as a function of Fe(VI)(0–1.5 mg/L),free chlorine(0–1.8 mg/L) and temperature(15–35°C).According to the experimental results,SMZ chlorination followed second-order kinetics with increasing Fe(VI) dosage,and the effect of the initial free chlorine concentration on the reaction kinetics with pre-oxidation by Fe(VI) fitted a pseudo-first order model.The rate constants of SDZ and SMZ chlorination at different temperatures were related to the Arrhenius equation.Fe(VI) could reduce the levels of THMs formed and the toxicity of the sulfonamide degradation systems with Fe(VI) doses of 0.5–1.5 mg/L,which provides a reference for ensuring water quality in drinking water systems. 相似文献
469.
Nanocomposite membranes containing poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) (PMIA) and organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) were prepared by a combination of solution dispersion and wet-phase inversion methods, and the effects of OMMT addition on the properties and performance of fabricated nanofiltration membranes were investigated. The membranes were characterized by contact angle measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermogravimetric analysis, and zeta potential. The performance of the membranes was elucidated by the removal of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) at neutral pH. Increasing OMMT concentration improved the thermal stability and hydrophilicity of the membranes. The permeation and rejection of PFOS were significantly improved. The performance of fabricated nanofiltration membranes in removal of PFOS varied depending on the solute and membrane properties as well as solution conditions. Finally, a comparison between fabricated membranes and a commercial NF membrane (ESNA1-K1, Hydecanme) proved that the OMMT addition is a convenient procedure for producing nanocomposite membranes with superior properties and performance. 相似文献
470.