环糊精聚合物对苯胺的吸附和脱附性能研究

以环氧氯丙烷为交联剂,合成和表征了β-环糊精聚合物(β-CDP),从动力学和热力学角度研究了β-CDP对苯胺的吸附性能。研究结果表明,β-CDP对水溶液中的苯胺具有一定的吸附量。用Langmuir, Freundlich和DubininRadushkevich(D-R)吸附等温式拟合了平衡等温数据,并计算出每个模型的参数。苯胺在β-CDP上的吸附符合D-R方程,吸附过程是热力学自发行为。在乙醇中,β-CDP的脱附能力很强,且可循环使用多次。     

Optimization of gasoline hydrocarbon compositionsfor reducing exhaust emissions

Effects of hydrocarbon compositions on raw exhaust emissions and combustion processes were studied on an engine test bench. Theoptimization of gasoline hydrocarbon composition was discussed. As olefins content increased from 10.0% to 25.0% in volume, thecombustion duration was shortened by about 2 degree crank angle ( CA), and the engine-out THC emission was reduced by about 15%.On the other hand, as aromatics content changed from 35.0% to 45.0%, the engine-out NOx emissions increased by 4%. An incrementin olefins content resulted in a slight increase in engine-out CO emission, while the aromatics content had little e ect on engine-out totalhydrocarbon (THC) and CO emissions. Over the new European driving cycle (NEDC), the THC, NOx and CO emissions of fuel with25.0% olefins and 35.0% aromatics were about 45%, 21% and 19% lower than those of fuel with 10.0% olefins and 40.0% aromatics,respectively. The optimized gasoline compositions for new engines and new vehicles have low aromatics and high olefins contents.     

螺旋式旋流器的切向速度分析

借助CFD软件,采用RSM模型对螺旋式旋流器内的切向速度场进行了数值模拟。模拟结果表明:旋流器内部的流场分为螺旋通道内的准自由涡和内筒区域的准强制涡;在柱锥交界区域的内筒外壁附近有一低速区,易导致颗粒富集而出现高浓度区进而影响分离效率;此外通过改变入口速度和螺旋通道的螺距,研究对旋流器切向速度的影响。通过对流场特性的研究,为进一步充分认识此类旋流器的分离机理提供了依据。     

铁炭微电解预处理电路板废水

采用铁炭微电解法预处理电路板废水.结果表明,在进水pH为2.00、铁炭质量比为4:1、振荡时间为20 min的铁炭微电解静态实验最佳条件下,絮凝出水COD去除率为30%;在进水pH为2.00、铁炭质量比为4:1、水力停留时间为50 min的铁炭微电解柱动态实验最佳条件下,连续曝气.絮凝出水COD为11021 mg/L,COD去除率约为34%,BOD5/COD从0.12上升到0.32,可生化性提高,Cu2+质量浓度从9.11 mg/L下降至0.76 mg/L,降低了废水的生物毒性,为生化处理创造了条件.     

不同高级氧化法对水中低浓度药物甲硝唑降解过程的比较

采用UV、H₂O₂、UV/H₂O₂、Fenton、UV/Fenton和UV/TiO₂方法,对水中低浓度的药物甲硝唑进行降解。通过HPLC和UV-Vis光谱得到的甲硝唑去除率。详细讨论了Fe²⁺、TiO₂和H₂O₂的初始浓度以及溶液的初始pH值对降解效率的影响。结果表明,UV/Fenton和UV/TiO₂ 2种系统对水中低浓度甲硝唑均有很好的去除效果,但前者的光催化效率更高。在甲硝唑浓度=6 μmol/L,H₂O₂和Fe²⁺的初始浓度分别为0.5 mg/L和2.94 μmol/L,pH=4的条件下,UV/Fenton方法对甲硝唑水溶液光催化的最佳效率为95.8%。     

空气质量多模式预报系统在中山市的应用

介绍了中山市空气质量多模式预报系统。对2015年3月—2016年2月的预报效果评估表明:系统可以较好地反映污染物的变化趋势但仍存在系统性偏差。通过对排放源清单的调整优化及对模式干沉降模块的改进使模式系统的偏差显著减小。总结并建立中山市污染天气案例库,发现在典型污染天气形势下,除O3-8 h外,其他污染物均值均能达到空气质量二级标准。未来将从2个方面提高中山市空气质量预报预警系统的实用性,包括逐步实现污染源排放清单的动态及时更新和提高极端气象条件下O3污染预报能力。     

金属污染物对神经系统损害及毒性机制研究进展

神经系统与生物体其他系统联系密切,共同维持机体正常的结构和功能.环境中的金属污染物可通过多种途径进入生物体,干扰幼年或成年动物神经系统的发育和功能,其损害机制是目前研究的热点.本文系统地总结了汞、铅和铝等金属污染物对神经系统的损害作用,着重在细胞、分子和基因水平上阐述了金属对神经系统的毒性机制,在此基础上分析了当前研究的不足之处和发展趋势,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望.     

Coupling mechanism of activated carbon mixed with dust for flue gas desulfurization and denitrification

To clarify the effect of coking dust, sintering dust and fly ash on the activity of activated carbon for various industrial flue gas desulfurization and denitrification, the coupling mechanism of the mixed activated carbon and dust was investigated to provide theoretical reference for the stable operation. The results show that coking dust had 34% desulfurization efficiency and 10% denitrification efficiency; correspondingly, sintering dust and fly ash had no obvious desulfurization and denitrification activities. For the mixture of activated carbon and dust, the coking dust reduced the desulfurization and denitrification efficiencies by blocking the pores of activated carbon, and its inhibiting effect on activated carbon was larger than its own desulfurization and denitrification activity. The sintering dust also reduced the desulfurization efficiency on the activated carbon while enhancing the denitrification efficiency. Fly ash blocked the pores of activated carbon and reduced its reaction activity. The reaction activity of coking dust mainly came from the surface functional groups, similar to that of activated carbon. The reaction activity of sintering dust mainly came from the oxidative property of Fe₂O₃, which oxidized NO to NO₂ and promoted the fast selectively catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO to form N₂. Sintering dust was activated by the joint action of activated carbon, and both had a coupling function. Sintering dust enhanced the adsorption and oxidation of NO, and activated carbon further promoted the reduction of NO_x by NH₃; thus, the denitrification efficiency increased by 5%-7% on the activated carbon.     

英国国防工业安全生产法制体系研究及对我国的启示

为建立健全我国国防工业安全生产法制体系,从构建历程、宏观设计和微观建设要点等方面对英国国防工业安全生产法制体系展开系统研究,并分析当前我国国防工业安全生产法制体系存在的主要问题以及英国国防工业安全生产法制体系建设对我国的启示。结果表明:在宏观设计方面,英国构建以国防安全局为监管主体的高度扁平化监管体系;在微观建设方面,其更加注重国防工业安全生产法律体系的层次性、内容完备性,法律的实操性、更新机制,以及监管职责界定的建设。借鉴英国经验,指出将国防工业安全生产法制体系建设提升至国家战略高度,实现国防工业安全生产专门立法、强化法律可操作性、完善法律制修订机制和科学界定监管职责是我国今后努力的重要方向。     

Fate of antimicrobial resistance genes in response to application of poultry and swine manure in simulated manure-soil microcosms and manure-pond microcosms

This study aimed to determine the occurrence, abundance, and fate of nine important antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) (sul1, sul2, tetB, tetM, ermB, ermF, fexA, cfr, and Intl1) in the simulated soil and pond microcosms following poultry and swine manure application. Absolute quantitative PCR method was used to determine the gene copies. The results were modeled as a logarithmic regression (N?=?mlnt?+?b) to explore the fate of target genes. Genes sul1, Intl1, sul2, and tetM had the highest abundance following the application of the two manure types. The logarithmic regression model fitted the results well (R ² values up to 0.99). The reduction rate of all genes (except for the genes fexA and cfr) in manure-pond microcosms was faster than those in manure-soil microcosms. Importantly, sul1, intl1, sul2, and tetM had the lowest reduction rates in all the samples and the low reduction rates of tetM was the first time to be reported. These results indicated that ARG management should focus on using technologies for the ARG elimination before the manure applications rather than waiting for subsequent attenuation in soil or water, particularly the ARGs (such as sul1, intl1, sul2, and tetM investigated in this study) that had high abundance and low reduction rate in the soil and water after application of manure.