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991.
Leyan Xiong Longzhen Zheng Jingpeng Xu Dan Zheng Junhua Li Xinjia Li Juan Sun Qiang Liu Liling Niu Shaoming Yang Jian Xia 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2011,9(2):251-257
We report a facile approach for preparing mesoporous boron-doped TiO2 materials by combining the sol?Cgel process with the dehydration of glucose. Specifically a high surface carbon material was formed by dehydration of glucose, then used as template. This material and the TiO2 dry gel were calcinated to produce porous TiO2. The as-synthesized boron-doped TiO2 was in pure anatase crystallite phase with high surface area. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results showed that boron was incorporated into the anatase TiO2 lattice to form TiO2?xBx. The absorption spectra of TiO2?xBx extended into the visible region to 460?nm. The TiO2?xBx exhibited much higher photocatalytic activity on phenol degradation than pure TiO2. It showed that the phenol degradation by-products of TiO2?xBx were different from that of pure TiO2. Mechanism of the photocatalytic degradation of phenol at TiO2?xBx was also proposed. 相似文献
992.
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994.
Liu J Liang X Yang J Ye Y Su M Nie Z Chen Y 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2011,13(10):2844-2850
The environmental risk of aquatic phosphorus (P) critically depends on its mobility and bioavailability, both of which are greatly affected by the size distribution and composition of P. The size distribution (particulate, colloidal and truly dissolved phase) of P, composed of molybdate reactive P (MRP) and molybdate unreactive P (MUP), was determined at twenty-three typical sections of the East Tiao River, China in the plum rain season. Results indicated particulate P was dominant followed by the truly dissolved P, while colloidal P was quantitatively the lowest in the whole river. From upstream to downstream, particulate P sharply increased, along with a slight decrease of truly dissolved P. However, colloidal P remained at a relatively stable level in the whole river, ranging from below detection limit to 0.025 mg L(-1), 0 to 13.4% of total P (TP). Furthermore, colloidal MRP exhibited a rising trend downriver as compared to upriver, with the notable transfer of MRP from the truly dissolved phase to particulate and colloidal phases. Particle concentration effect for colloids, observed in the study of MRP distribution, further corroborated the role of colloids in MRP solid/liquid partitioning. These observations, in this large-scale field investigation, fitted the "colloidal pumping" hypothesis. It may be concluded that colloids act as the intermediate and buffer in the dynamically balanced transfer of P from truly dissolved phase to large particulate phase, having a significant role in size distribution of P. 相似文献
995.
Su HC Ying GG Tao R Zhang RQ Fogarty LR Kolpin DW 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2011,13(11):3229-3236
Antibiotics are still widely applied in animal husbandry to prevent diseases and used as feed additives to promote animal growth. This could result in antibiotic resistance to bacteria and antibiotic residues in animals. In this paper, Enterobacteriaceae isolated from four integrated fish farms in Zhongshan, South China were tested for antibiotic resistance, tetracycline resistance genes, sulfonamide resistance genes, and class 1 integrons. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were carried out to test antibiotic susceptibility and resistance genes, respectively. Relatively high antibiotic resistance frequencies were found, especially for ampicillin (80%), tetracycline (52%), and trimethoprim (50%). Out of 203 Enterobacteriaceae isolates, 98.5% were resistant to one or more antibiotics tested. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) was found highest in animal manures with a MAR index of 0.56. Tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(C)) and sulfonamide resistance genes (sul2) were detected in more than 50% of the isolates. The intI1 gene was found in 170 isolates (83.7%). Both classic and non-classic class 1 integrons were found. Four genes, aadA5, aadA22, dfr2, and dfrA17, were detected. To our knowledge, this is the first report for molecular characterization of antibiotic resistance genes in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from integrated fish farms in China and the first time that gene cassette array dfrA17-aadA5 has been detected in such fish farms. Results of this study indicated that fish farms may be a reservoir of highly diverse and abundant antibiotic resistant genes and gene cassettes. Integrons may play a key role in multiple antibiotic resistances posing potential health risks to the general public and aquaculture. 相似文献
996.
两级序批式生物膜法对厌氧消化液的处理研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
采用两级序批式生物膜法(SBBR)处理猪场废水厌氧消化液,考察了不同类型的填料以及填料的不同组合方式对污染物的去除效果。试验结果表明:组合3(1级反应器中投加碳素纤维填料,2级反应器中投加组合填料)COD去除能力较好,可达93.7%,组合1(1级,2级反应器中均投加碳素纤维填料)NH4+-N和TN去除率最高,分别为69.2%、70.4%;此外对运行过程中的DO浓度和pH值的变化情况进行监测,DO浓度受有机物降解和硝化反应的共同影响,pH值受曝气量的影响较多。因此,可以通过DO浓度和pH值来判断反应系统中污染物的变化情况和反应所处阶段。 相似文献
997.
中国北部湾地区夏季大气碳气溶胶的空间分布特征 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
于2009年8月在北部湾地区的南宁、钦州、防城港、北海、湛江、茂名、海口、洋浦、东方等9个城市的城区和郊区同步采集PM2.5样品,采用热光反射碳分析仪分析得到有机碳(organic carbon,OC)、元素碳(elemental carbon,EC)的质量浓度,对OC、EC浓度水平、空间分布及其可能的来源进行分析.结果表明,观测期间北部湾9个城市PM2.5、OC和EC的浓度均值分别为(38.4±17.7)、(9.2±2.6)和(1.9±1.1)μg·m-3,总碳气溶胶(total carbonaceous aerosol,TCA)占PM2.5质量的56.8%.北部湾地区夏季OC主要来源于生物质燃烧和二次生成的有机碳(secondary organic carbon,SOC),EC主要来源于机动车和工业排放. 相似文献
998.
黄山降水酸度及电导率特征分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
为了解黄山降水酸碱度和污染程度的总体特征,对2006~2011年黄山光明顶气象站常规监测的降水pH值和电导率进行了统计分析,结果表明:①该地区降水pH年均值在4.81~5.57,2009年之前,降水酸度加强,之后酸度减弱;降水平均pH值冬季最低(4.78),夏季最高(5.33);出现频率最高的降水事件为弱酸性到中性,总酸雨频率为46%,酸性降水累积雨量约占总雨量的45%.②年均降水电导率在16.91~27.84μS.cm-1,无明显年变化趋势.电导率在15μS.cm-1以下的降水发生频率最高,其次是15~25μS.cm-1之间.2010年2月~2011年12月,按日进行降水平行采样、存储、运送到实验室进行pH值与电导率测定和离子成分分析,对此期间的现场测定与实验室测定的两组pH值、电导率进行了比较分析.结果表明:①两组pH值间、两组电导率间都显著相关,但从山上现场到实验室,降水pH值向中性方向偏移,偏移幅度与降雨量和现场pH值有关,电导率的变化量与总离子浓度有关;现场pH值与电导率之间存在显著的负相关(r=-0.51).②使用一次性采样袋采样,pH值偏差变小,电导率之间相关性更强,两组pH与电导率间都存在明显的负相关.与中东部其他高山站的观测结果相比,黄山降水酸度弱,离子污染程度轻. 相似文献
999.
This laboratory research investigated a possible cause of filamentous bulking under low level of dissolved oxygen conditions (dissolved oxygen value in aerobic zone maintained between 0.6-0.8 mgO2 /L) in an airlift inner-circular anoxic-aerobic reactor. During the operating period, it was observed that low nitrate concentrations affected sludge volume index significantly. Unlike the existing hypothesis, the batch tests indicated that filamentous bacteria (mainly Thiothrix sp.) could store nitrate temporarily under carbon restricted conditions. When nitrate concentration was below 4 mg/L, low levels of carbon substrates and dissolved oxygen in the aerobic zone stimulated the nitrate-storing capacity of filaments. When filamentous bacteria riched in nitrate reached the anoxic zone, where they were exposed to high levels of carbon but limited nitrate, they underwent denitrification. However, when nonfilamentous bacteria were exposed to similar conditions, denitrification was restrained due to their intrinsic nitrate limitation. Hence, in order to avoid filamentous bulking, the nitrate concentration in the return sludge (from aerobic zone to the anoxic zone) should be above 4 mg/L, or alternatively, the nitrate load in the anoxic zone should be kept at levels above 2.7 mg NO-3N/g SS. 相似文献
1000.
Lingfen Kong Shaoyuan Zhu Lusheng Zhu Hui Xie Kunchang Su Tongxiang Yan Jun Wang Jinhua Wang Fenghua Wang Fengxia Sun 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2013,25(11):2257-2264
The recently discovered endosulfan-degrading bacterial strain Alcaligenesfaecalis JBW4 was isolated from activated sludge. This strain is able to use endosulfan as a carbon and energy source. The optimal conditions for the growth of strain JBW4 and for biodegradation by this strain were identified, and the metabolic products of endosulfan degradation were studied in detail. The maximum level of endosulfan biodegradation by strain JBW4 was obtained using broth at an initial pH of 7.0, an incubation temperature of 40℃ and an endosulfan concentration of I00 mg/L. The concentration of endosulfan was determined by gas chromatography. Strain JBW4 was able to degrade 87.5% of α-endosulfan and 83.9% of β-endosulfan within 5 days. These degradation rates are much higher than the previously reported bacterial strains. Endosulfan diol and endosulfan lactone were the major metabolites detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; endosulfan sulfate, which is a persistent and toxic metabolite, was not detected. These results suggested that A. faecalis JBW4 degrades endosulfan via a non-oxidative pathway. The biodegradation of endosulfan by A. faecalis is reported for the first time. Additionally, the present study indicates that strain JBW4 may have potential for the biodegradation of endosulfan residues. 相似文献