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31.
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Zhang Y Ruan L Fasola M Boncompagni E Dong Y Dai N Gandini C Orvini E Ruiz X 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,118(1-3):355-368
The rapidly developing Asian countries may face threatening environmental contamination, that however remains largely unassessed.
We studied persistent trace elements in three wetlands, Poyang Lake, relatively unpolluted, and Tai Lake, and Pearl River
Delta, selected as hotspots of pollution in Central China. We adopted as indicator the Little Egret, a widespread colonial
waterbird, and during 1999 and 2000 we collected and analysed the same samples as for a parallel study we conducted in Pakistan,
e.g. eggs, body feathers of chicks, prey spontaneously regurgitated by the chicks, and sediments at the areas most used by
foraging egrets. The levels of trace-metals at our three study areas were similar, or within the range, of those found in
the few other studies for East Asia, with few exceptions. The concentrations of the various elements were below the threshold
that may affect the survival or reproduction of the birds, and even the highest concentrations relative to background, i.e.
Se in eggs, and Hg in feathers at Pearl Delta, do not pose toxic hazards. In sediments, the levels of trace elements were
lower than the critical levels assumed for contaminated soil, except for alarming high levels of As at Poyang. These results
do not confirm our expectation, that Poyang was relatively uncontaminated, while Tai and Pearl were polluted. Although trace
metal concentration differed significantly among the three study areas, these differences were minor and were not consistent
among elements and samples. The bioaccumulation ratios from sediments through prey, feather and egg, were consistent with
our previous findings for Pakistan. Only Hg exhibited high bioaccumulation, while Se and Zn had low accumulation, and the
other elements no accumulation. This reasserts that feathers of predators such as egrets, may be more sensitive indicators
of environmental contamination for the elements subject to bioaccumulation, whereas the sediments or the organisms low in
the food chain are better indicators for the other elements. 相似文献
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本文通过对特种服装的广泛调查,总结、归纳出它们与一般服装的不同之处,也即它们的特殊性.本文对这些特殊性进行了详细地分析研究,并深入地研究出这些特殊性之间的内部联系,对特种服装的生产、管理、开发乃至应用有指导性的作用. 相似文献
35.
本文结合士兵系统的发展概况,阐述了单兵装备人机工程仿真评价技术研究的重要性,并总结了目前的研究进展情况,进而重点介绍单兵装备人机工效仿真评价系统的最新研究成果,首次在三维仿真环境和基础数据库的支持下对单兵装备系统的可视性、可达性、舒适性等指标进行综合研究和评价。 相似文献
36.
新型悬浮填料澄清池中填料对澄清作用的影响初探 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为考察可取代传统二沉池的新型悬浮填料澄清池技术的原理及关键参数,小试试验研究了填料对新型悬浮填料澄清池固液分离过程中附着污泥形成及其絮凝性能的影响,并对填料在澄清中的作用机理进行了探讨。结果表明,当泥水界面上升至填料区后,可以形成较悬浮污泥更加致密稳定的附着污泥区,并形成孔道流,强化了对混合液中污泥颗粒的絮凝效果;填料区可以捕捉去除从悬浮污泥区中“逃逸”的微小污泥絮体,并降低出水浊度,有效地保证了出水水质的稳定性。填料的存在发挥了强大的整流作用,降低了雷诺数Re,提高了弗汝德数Fr,从而改善了污泥絮凝的水力条件,提高了澄清能力。 相似文献
37.
一株高效脱硫脱氨氮菌的分离、鉴定及系统发育分析 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
从运行稳定的能同步脱臭的曝气生物滤池中采集样品,富集分离获得一株能高效脱硫脱氨氮的菌株TS-1。对分离菌株进行形态观察、生理生化试验及16S rRNA基因序列分析,结果表明,该菌株TS-1为革兰氏阳性菌,杆状;菌落在营养琼脂培养基上呈圆形,表面光滑,乳白色半透明;V-P试验阴性,能水解淀粉和明胶,利用柠檬酸盐生长;对菌株进行16S rRNA的PCR扩增,扩增产物测序结果表明分离菌株TS-1与巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium)同源性达到99%;以16S rRNA同源性为基础构建了包括24株相关种属细菌在内的系统发育树,在系统发育树中,分离菌株TS1与Bacillus megaterium在同一分支。结合形态观察、生理生化试验及16S rRNA基因序列分析结果,将其初步鉴定为巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium)。在常温(30±2)℃、转速为150 r/min的条件下,处理pH 7、S2-和NH+4-N分别为80 mg/L和88 mg/L的水样40 h,硫化物和氨氮的脱除率分别为91.8%和96.6%。 相似文献
38.
39.
超临界水氧化技术处理含油污水研究 总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21
在间歇式实验装置上对超临界水氧化技术处理含油污水进行了研究,主要考察了COD的脱除率与反应时间、温度和压力的关系。实验结果表明,超临界水中的氧化反应能有效去除污水中COD,反应时间、反应温度是影响COD脱除率的重要因素。 相似文献
40.
Cui B Zhao S Zhang K Li S Dong S Bai J 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2009,158(1-4):545-559
The disturbance of highway construction upon surrounding vulnerable ecosystems is a common threat in the Longitudinal Range Gorge Region of southwestern China. We evaluated the disturbance of highway on plant species richness and diversity and soil nutrients from adjacent to the highway to 300 m upslope and 100 m downslope in forests and grasslands by setting 12 belt transects in forests and grasslands (six belt transects and six control belt transects, respectively). The results showed that there were some significant variances in belt transects with respective control belt transects for species richness and diversity in both forests and grasslands. Species richness and diversity of trees were lower within a 50-m distance from the highway and more noticeable on the downslope portion. Species richness and diversity of shrubs and herbs appeared higher near highway edge. Both species richness and diversity of herbs were similar in forests. In addition, exotic species, such as Eupatorium adenophorum, were further from the road and more widely dispersed in grasslands. Soil nutrients except total potassium (TK) were lower in the downslope area adjacent to highway edge and showed a significant increase with increasing distance from the highway in both forests and grasslands. This indicates that grasslands acted as microhabitats for exotic species and are more easily to be invaded than forests, especially if disturbed. Once destroyed, plant species and soil nutrients will require a significant amount of time to be restored to control levels. This work illustrates that the effects extend considerably to distances upslope and downslope from the construction site. Given that these changes occurred relatively quickly, the study suggests that the environmental "footprint" grows far beyond the road and adjacent zone of disruption. 相似文献