美国超级基金5年回顾政策对我国污染场地风险管理的启示

通过简要概述美国超级基金5年回顾政策的形成与发展、执行约束力、实施内容,分析其实施过程中面临的问题,从环境立法、强化后期风险管理、完善污染场地风险管理链条、公开修复治理信息和提高社会公众参与度等角度,为解决我国因多样性修复技术实施导致的污染场地修复后风险难题提供可借鉴的重要经验,以期为构建适宜我国国情的污染场地修复长期风险管理和污染控制制度提供理论依据,实现污染场地修复后的安全再利用。     

品字型抗滑桩对滑坡的加固效果研究

利用FLAC3d程序对以组为单位进行设计的品字型抗滑桩对于滑坡的加固效果进行研究。其中,品字型抗滑桩分为无、有桩顶连梁两种形式。通过模拟计算,对在布置无、有桩顶连梁的品字型抗滑桩时,坡体的安全系数,桩的侧向位移、弯矩、剪力进行对比分析。通过对比得出:桩顶有连梁时,坡体的安全系数明显增加;桩的侧向位移明显减少,且一组中各桩的位移基本一致;桩顶弯矩明显增大,且滑动面以上各桩弯矩分布相对均匀,滑动面以下各桩弯矩相对有所减小;桩顶剪力均有所增加,滑动面以上,前排桩剪力峰值减小,后排桩剪力峰值增大,各桩的剪力幅度比较均匀。再通过将布置桩顶有连梁品字型抗滑桩与前后排相对应的无连梁双排抗滑桩进行对比,得出前者坡体的安全系数大,桩的侧向位移小,且节约材料,进一步验证了其优越性。因此,在抗滑桩结构形式设计中,桩顶有连梁品字型抗滑桩是更值得推广的结构形式。     

Genomic analyses of metal resistance genes in three plant growth promoting bacteria of legume plants in Northwest mine tailings, China

To better understand the diversity of metal resistance genetic determinant from microbes that survived atmetal tailings in northwest of China, a highly elevated level of heavymetal containing region, genomic analyses was conducted using genome sequence of three native metal-resistant plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB). It shows that: Mesorhizobium amorphae CCNWGS0123 contains metal transporters from P-type ATPase, CDF (Cation Diffusion Facilitator), HupE/UreJ and CHR (chromate ion transporter) family involved in copper, zinc, nickel as well as chromate resistance and homeostasis. Meanwhile, the putative CopA/CueO system is expected to mediate copper resistance in Sinorhizobium meliloti CCNWSX0020 while ZntA transporter, assisted with putative CzcD, determines zinc tolerance in Agrobacterium tumefaciens CCNWGS0286. The greenhouse experiment provides the consistent evidence of the plant growth promoting effects of these microbes on their hosts by nitrogen fixation and/or indoleacetic acid (IAA) secretion, indicating a potential in-site phytoremediation usage in themining tailing regions of China.     

中国地表水环境质量标准监测体系现状研究及完善建议

中国地表水环境质量标准监测体系历经30余年,已初步形成一套基本成熟的地表水环境质量监测体系,但随着环境保护工作的不断推进和监测技术的进步,监测体系的诸多问题也凸显.结合中国《地表水环境质量标准》（GB 3838-2002）,对中国地表水水质的监测方法、技术、指标等方面进行了系统的归纳与分析,提出了相应的建议,即规范项目参数的描述、筛选优化控制项目、建立多层次、实用的控制指标监测方法体系、完善控制项目QC指标体系、制订专门地表水监测技术规范.     

Antimony(V) removal from water by hydrated ferric oxides supported by calcite sand and polymeric anion exchanger

We fabricated and characterized two hybrid adsorbents originated from hydrated ferric oxides(HFOs) using a polymeric anion exchanger D201 and calcite as host. The resultant adsorbents(denoted as HFO-201 and IOCCS) were employed for Sb(V) removal from water. Increasing solution pH from 3 to 9 apparently weakened Sb(V) removal by both composites, while increasing temperature from 293 to 313 K only improved Sb(V) uptake by IOCCS. HFO-201 exhibited much higher capacity for Sb(V) than for IOCCS in the absence of other anions in solution. Increasing ionic strength from 0.01 to 0.1 mol/L NaNO3would result in a significant drop of the capacity of HFO-201 in the studied pH ranges; however, negligible effect was observed for IOCCS under similar conditions. Similarly, the competing chloride and sulfate pose more negative effect on Sb(V) adsorption by HFO-201 than by IOCCS, and the presence of silicate greatly decreased their adsorption simultaneously, while calcium ions were found to promote the adsorption of both adsorbents. XPS analysis further demonstrated that preferable Sb(V) adsorption by both hybrids was attributed to the inner sphere complexation of Sb(V) and HFO, and Ca(II) induced adsorption enhancement possibly resulted from the formation of HFO-Ca-Sb complexes. Column adsorption runs proved that Sb(V) in the synthetic water could be effectively removed from 30 μg/L to below 5 μg/L(the drinking water standard regulated by China), and the effective treatable volume of IOCCS was around 6 times as that of HFO-201, implying that HFO coatings onto calcite might be a more effective approach than immobilization inside D201.     

邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物正辛醇-水分配系数的QSPR研究

采用PM3算法计算邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物(PAEs)的量子化学参数,应用偏最小二乘(PLS)算法建立了PAEs的正辛醇-水分配系数(K_OW)的定量结构-性质相关(QSPR)模型.模型的结果表明,用量子化学参数建立的QSPR模型相关性显著,具有较好的稳健性和预测能力,因此,利用该模型可对其他PAEs分子的lgK_OW值进行初步预测.模型的结果表明,影响lgK_OW的主要量子化学参数是分子总能量TE、相对分子质量M_r、平均分子极化率α和分子生成热ΔH_f.lgK_OW随着M_r和α的增大而增大,随着TE和ΔH_f的增大而减小.     

Impact Study on Human Activity to the Resource-environment Based on the Consumption Level Difference of China's Provinces or Autonomous Regions

The study on population and the resource-environment by the consumption may contribute to the further cognition about their correlations and provide the policy references for natural resources use and environmental protection. This article has studied the impact status of the consumption level difference of China's 31 provinces or autonomous regions on the resource-environment in 2005 by per capita consumption expenditure and serial statistical data with unit person method and constructed consumption model and hierarchical cluster analysis. We found several trends. To the intensity that population acting on the resource-environment, four sorts of regions might be divided in 2005, furthermore, most of them were at the level of unit person. Provinces or autonomous regions, located in the developed coastal areas in China, generally have the bigger impact intensity on the resource-environment than the others. That is to say, the natural resources mainly flow from west to east and from north to south, but the environmental loads are shared in the whole China and are likely to be aggravated from east to west reversely. The main causes of imbalance of pressure on the resource-environment should be the difference of consumption level, the unmatchable resource exploitation and utilization, the imbalance of discharging pollutants, and the difference of moderate carrying capacity. To the total impact quantities that population acting on the resource-environment, four sorts of regions were divided in 2005 and the difference of them was notable. Provinces or autonomous regions, having the bigger impact quantities on the resource-environment, are generally located in the eastern and central China while the extended western China is still the weak impact area of the resource-environment consumption or terminal pressure. Provinces or autonomous regions are few, where the total impact quantities are more or less; alternately, those are many, where the total impact quantities rank the middle.     

碳酸盐体系天然水体多指标酸化模型

本文以碳酸盐体系为基础提出适于区域环境水体酸化敏感性多指标评价模型,利用该模型结合各评价指标的标准化体系可进行大尺度范围水体酸化敏感性评价。     

石油测井用中子源辐射屏蔽研究

放射源测井技术是当今石油勘探和开发中必不可少的手段，开展对测井人员的屏蔽防护研究十分必要。将聚乙（丙）烯与碳化硼和氧化铝等以不同比例混合后制成的板材和织物具有良好的热中子、中能中子和快中子屏蔽效果，加工成屏蔽装置后，可使镅－铍源中子的屏蔽率达到６２．０６％，γ射线屏蔽率达到３２．４３％，结合中子辐射防护服和防护围裙等的使用，可较好地解决测井人员的辐射防护问题。     

近场长周期强地震动幅值谱研究

本文研究了近场长周期强地震动加速度的傅氏谱和功率谱模型及其参数估计方法,基于强地震动参数统计上的无向性,提出了一种结合地震学模拟模型和工程学统计回归模型的综合方法。文中定义了强地震动平稳段均方根加速度的计算方法,并通过均方根加速度建立了震源力学参数和强地震动工程参数间的关系。通过对目前使用的主观持时定义的应用分析,指出主观持时定义使得估计的地震动过程的峰值加速度的变异性与实际地震动过程的峰值加速度的变异性有显著不同,明显偏小,这对于结构抗震可靠度分析可能会得到失效概度偏小的结果,应引起工程界的重视。