Impact Study on Human Activity to the Resource-environment Based on the Consumption Level Difference of China's Provinces or Autonomous Regions

The study on population and the resource-environment by the consumption may contribute to the further cognition about their correlations and provide the policy references for natural resources use and environmental protection. This article has studied the impact status of the consumption level difference of China's 31 provinces or autonomous regions on the resource-environment in 2005 by per capita consumption expenditure and serial statistical data with unit person method and constructed consumption model and hierarchical cluster analysis. We found several trends. To the intensity that population acting on the resource-environment, four sorts of regions might be divided in 2005, furthermore, most of them were at the level of unit person. Provinces or autonomous regions, located in the developed coastal areas in China, generally have the bigger impact intensity on the resource-environment than the others. That is to say, the natural resources mainly flow from west to east and from north to south, but the environmental loads are shared in the whole China and are likely to be aggravated from east to west reversely. The main causes of imbalance of pressure on the resource-environment should be the difference of consumption level, the unmatchable resource exploitation and utilization, the imbalance of discharging pollutants, and the difference of moderate carrying capacity. To the total impact quantities that population acting on the resource-environment, four sorts of regions were divided in 2005 and the difference of them was notable. Provinces or autonomous regions, having the bigger impact quantities on the resource-environment, are generally located in the eastern and central China while the extended western China is still the weak impact area of the resource-environment consumption or terminal pressure. Provinces or autonomous regions are few, where the total impact quantities are more or less; alternately, those are many, where the total impact quantities rank the middle.     

碳酸盐体系天然水体多指标酸化模型

本文以碳酸盐体系为基础提出适于区域环境水体酸化敏感性多指标评价模型,利用该模型结合各评价指标的标准化体系可进行大尺度范围水体酸化敏感性评价。     

石油测井用中子源辐射屏蔽研究

放射源测井技术是当今石油勘探和开发中必不可少的手段，开展对测井人员的屏蔽防护研究十分必要。将聚乙（丙）烯与碳化硼和氧化铝等以不同比例混合后制成的板材和织物具有良好的热中子、中能中子和快中子屏蔽效果，加工成屏蔽装置后，可使镅－铍源中子的屏蔽率达到６２．０６％，γ射线屏蔽率达到３２．４３％，结合中子辐射防护服和防护围裙等的使用，可较好地解决测井人员的辐射防护问题。     

近场长周期强地震动幅值谱研究

本文研究了近场长周期强地震动加速度的傅氏谱和功率谱模型及其参数估计方法,基于强地震动参数统计上的无向性,提出了一种结合地震学模拟模型和工程学统计回归模型的综合方法。文中定义了强地震动平稳段均方根加速度的计算方法,并通过均方根加速度建立了震源力学参数和强地震动工程参数间的关系。通过对目前使用的主观持时定义的应用分析,指出主观持时定义使得估计的地震动过程的峰值加速度的变异性与实际地震动过程的峰值加速度的变异性有显著不同,明显偏小,这对于结构抗震可靠度分析可能会得到失效概度偏小的结果,应引起工程界的重视。     

Potentials for Combating Desertification in Hunshandak Sandland Through Nature Reserve

Desertification directly threatens more than 250 million people and one third of the earths land surface. Although it is well known that desertification could be reversed in most cases if the intensity of land use were reduced, there have been no studies on how to achieve this reversed desertification on a large scale. We conducted a case study in Hunshandak Sandland of North China, exploring how creation of a nature reserve might aid restoration of a degraded ecosystem. Experimental data indicated that desertified regions, if designated as a nature reserve, could be restored with conservation of biodiversity. The buffer zones in moderately desertified lands could serve as a base for forage production and/or ecotourism industry. The construction of ecologically designed towns (ecotowns) in transition zones could accommodate migrants moved from core zones so as to develop stock production, related industry, and ecotourism, enabling both economic and environmental development. Up to now, 5778 local inhabitants in the core zones of Zhenglan Banner (county) in the Hunshandak Sandland have been moved out of the severely degraded areas with the financial assistance of the central government. Those people have been moved into three eco-towns of the Banner with an objective of greatly enhancing the economic and social status while restoring the degraded sandlands.     

利用雄黄尾矿制备药用雄黄

在分析比较现有提炼富集雄黄工艺的基础上，提出了利用雄黄尾矿制备药用雄黄的“湿法”工艺流程，并对其中的关键工艺－雄黄除杂工艺进行了试验研究，结果表明，较佳的工艺条件为：盐酸浓度2mol/L，温度45℃，液固比2．5L：1kg，反应时间90min，研磨时间0.5h，在此条件下除杂，可制得符合药典要求和雄黄。     

促进我国企业实现清洁生产的途径

根据最新文献，对我国企业的现状，促进我国企业实现清洁生产的可能途径进行述评，认为应该针对我国不同行业、不同企业的实际情况，有所侧重地通过各种途径的共同作用，促进我国企业实现清洁生产。     

电力系统抗震可靠性研究与分析综述

地震是最可能造成电力系统遭受严重破坏的自然灾害。对电力系统的震害特点进行了一些研究和介绍,针对这些特点提出了提高电力系统抗震可靠性的措施和建议,并对电力系统抗震可靠性研究现状及发展趋势作了综述。     

新型低温CuO/AC脱硫剂制备——煅烧温度对脱硫活性的影响

首次将炭载型ＣｕＯ／ＡＣ用于烟气脱硫,在最经济的烟气脱硫温度窗口（１２０～２５０℃）显示出高的脱硫活性．考查了煅烧温度和煅烧后脱硫剂的预氧化对脱硫活性的影响,并对脱硫剂进行了ＴＰＤ和ＥＸＡＦＳ表征．结果表明：经２５０℃煅烧的ＣｕＯ／ＡＣ脱硫剂具有最高的脱硫活性．２００℃煅烧,前驱体Ｃｕ（ＮＯ₃）₂未完全分解;高于２５０℃煅烧,活性组分ＣｕＯ被载体Ｃ部分还原为金属Ｃｕ 微晶,从而发生烧结、聚集,以上均导致脱硫剂活性的下降．尽管不同温度煅烧的ＣｕＯ／ＡＣ表现出大的脱硫活性差异,但吸硫后均生成同一反应产物ＣｕＳＯ₄．２５０℃煅烧的ＣｕＯ／ＡＣ脱硫剂Ｃｕ 以ＣｕＯ和Ｃｕ₂Ｏ形态存在,其中的Ｃｕ₂Ｏ在２００℃很容易氧化成ＣｕＯ     

CuO/AC脱硫剂的还原再生

CuO/AC脱硫剂吸硫后 ,其中的 CuO即转化成 CuSO₄,需对其进行再生 .本文分别考查以 Ar气氛和 H₂ 气氛还原再生后脱硫剂二次脱硫活性的变化 ,并通过 TG、TPR和 XRD等表征再生过程 .结果表明 :Ar气氛再生实际为载体 C对 CuSO₄的还原 ,最佳再生温度为 400℃ ;H₂ 气氛再生时 ,最佳温度为 250℃ ;即使在最佳温度下 ,再生后的脱硫活性仍低于新鲜脱硫剂 ,可能源于还原生成的 Cu微晶在较高温度下发生的明显聚集 .