浅析哈萨克斯坦共和国HSE法规要求及对策

在海外开展石油工程建设时,健康安全环保(HSE)管理人员往往按照原有国内经验或者HSE体系要求进行管理,而忽视了当地法规要求。在哈萨克斯坦共和国(以下简称哈国),中方HSE管理人员将面临着较大考验,因为哈国本身法规体系比较健全,政府执法也相对严格,如果不熟悉当地法律法规而发生违规行为,可能会被当地政府巨额罚款或者提起诉讼,从而严重干扰正常生产经营活动。文章就哈国HSE法规体系做一些探讨,对安全生产法规、消防法规、环境保护法规、健康管理法规进行介绍,并提出了有关对策和措施,希望能对后来者有所借鉴。     

复合除尘技术在烧结机电除尘器改造中的应用

简要介绍了电袋复合除尘器的技术特点及其在烧结机机尾旧电除尘器改造中的应用。电袋复合除尘器集合了电除尘器和布袋除尘器的优点,除尘效率高,系统运行阻力低,滤袋使用寿命长,应用于旧电除尘器的改造,具有良好的经济效益和环保效益。     

Long-range atmospheric transport of persistent organochlorinated compounds from south and mainland south-eastern Asia to a remote mountain site in south-western China

A range of organochlorinated compounds have been consumed in China, India and the countries of mainland southeast Asia (MSA). Considering their persistence in the environment and ability in long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT), the potential outflow of these compounds from this region is therefore of great concern in the context of the global distribution of toxic chemicals. As part of a monitoring campaign aimed at investigating the LRAT of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from southern China, MSA and northern India, atmospheric levels of OCPs and PCBs were measured once a week from October 2005 through December 2006 at Tengchong Mountain (TM), a remote site located in south-western China. The average concentrations of OCPs were found to be higher than those in other remote stations in the Arctic and the Tibetan plateau, except for α-hexachlorocyclohexane (α-HCH). A high level of β-HCH and low α-HCH/β-HCH ratio was attributed to an accidental release of β-HCH from unknown sources, besides obvious evidence of lindane (γ-HCH) and technical HCH usage. Temporal variations of chlordanes and endosulfan were related to the usage pattern of these compounds, as well as LRAT. In contrast, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) exhibited a relatively minor seasonal variation. The OCP levels at the monitoring site were found to be related to the air parcel back trajectories on the basis of four distinct clusters. Elevated levels of HCHs and DDTs were observed when air parcels originated from northern India where considerable OCP usage was reported recently, while high levels of γ-HCH and TC (trans-chlordane) were mainly associated with air masses from southern China and northern MSA. The study highlighted the high background level of OCPs as well as their temporal patterns of trans-boundary LRAT in the MSA region.     

土壤RNA提取方法研究进展

总RNA提取是进行实时荧光定量PCR、Northern杂交分析及cDNA文库建立等分子生物学实验研究的基础.提取出高质量高产量的土壤RNA已成为研究土壤微生物的关键步骤.综述了常用的几种土壤RNA提取方法,包括强变性剂法、Trizol法、CTAB法、SDS-Phenol法、酶解法以及试剂盒等方法.提取过程中化学试剂的选择及配比需依据不同的土壤类型,其中Trizol法在提取总RNA时应用广泛,再结合适当的物理破碎及生物学方法,可得到理想的RNA.试剂盒法提取土壤RNA方便快捷,纯度高但产量低,且对土壤具有选择性.最后提出了土壤RNA提取过程常见的一些问题和注意事项,为土壤RNA提取方法的选择提供依据.     

Concentration and distribution characteristic of main toxic metals in suspended particle material in Nanjing reach, Changjiang River

Six stations in the lower reach region of Changjiang River within Baguazhou Island, Nanjing reach were chosen to investigate the toxic metals pollution characteristic in suspended particle material (SPM). SPM concentration, as well as reflectance spectroscopy characteristic, toxic metal concentrations, and lead isotopes of suspended particle material were studied. SPM concentrations were obtained from fluvial cross-sectional sampling near the surface (20 cm) and the study presents the cross-sectional averages. SPM concentrations varied around 170?C300 mg L^???1. Reflectance spectroscopy measurements differed from each other over each cross-section but no common pattern characterizing the cross-sectional behavior of the measurements was observed. The metal concentrations in the SPM decreased in the sequence: Mn > Zn > Cu > Cr > Pb > Cd. The result of lead isotopes analysis proved that lead isotopes composition in SPM are mainly produced by natural contributions and influenced by anthropogenic activity at the same time.     

高效菌处理焦化废水试验研究

介绍了高效菌处理焦化废水的试验研究.试验针对焦化废水处理的流行工艺A/O法进行研究,投加高效菌后对好氧池和缺氧池的NH3-N和COD去除效果明显.结果表明,当进水COD质量浓度在2 000 mg/L以下时,出水COD可最低可降至120 mg/L以内,COD去除率最高可达到85％;进水NH3-N质量浓度在300 mg/L以下时,出水氨氮可稳定在15 mg/L以内,氨氮去除率仍可达到95％.     

乌鲁木齐市彩叶树种种类及应用调查

在对乌鲁木齐市的公园、道路、庭院园林绿化中彩叶树种进行初步调查的基础上,依据文献资料对乌鲁木齐市彩叶树种观赏季节及叶色特性进行了初步分类,说明了其观赏特性与园林绿化应用,提出合理应用彩叶树种的建议,为乌鲁木齐市彩叶树种的引种、选择和应用提供科学依据。     

仲辛醇吸收NOx尾气的GC／MS研究

本文采用GC/MS法研究了仲辛醇氧化还原法吸收NO_x尾气后的化学组成,鉴定出的组份达37种,并且对一些主要组份的生成机理进行了简单的探讨。     

塔里木河干流流域区域开发与环境对策

区域开发的设计,目的在于实现资源开发和环境建设的协调发展。塔河流域具有光热资源丰富、土地资源开发潜力大、石油资源开发前景广阔等区域开发优势,同时存在水土资源不平衡、社会经济发展缓慢、科学技术水平落后、交通条件差、生态环境问题严重等区域开发的限制性因素。从塔河流域资源优势出发,针对当前区域开发的限制性因素,按照新疆经济发展对塔河流域的要求,选择“优势资源转换开发模式”为塔河流域开发战略模式。解决塔河流域生态环境问题,首先要使现有生态环境不再继续恶化,最低限度保护现有植被面积不再减少,即维护现有天然胡杨林29.8万公顷、天然灌木林111.33万公顷、天然草地90.38万公顷,在此基础上,恢复和改善下游绿色走廊的植被,约3.96万公顷。如果完成以上指标,必须确保生态用水,特别是下游段的生态用水,加强天然植被的抚育更新,并制定相应的政策、法规等。     

对承包工程队安全管理探讨

介绍了林业木材生产中用工形式的变化及推行具有法人资质单位承包经营的新路子，阐述了这种承包方式中存在的问题，探讨了这种承包方式中安全管理的途径。