Flocculation performance of epichlorohydrin-dimethylamine polyamine in treating dyeing wastewater

Epichlorohydrin-dimethylamine polymers with different intrinsic viscosity (η) and cationicity (τ) were synthesized. The flocculation performance and mechanism of these polymers in the removal of the reactive and disperse dyes from synthetic wastewater was investigated in terms of flocculation dynamics and color removal efficiency. The polymer flocculation efficiency was compared with that of polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and a composite flocculant based on polyaluminum chloride-epichlorohydrin-dimethylamine polyamine. The results showed that epichlorohydrin-dimethylamine polymer was effective over a pH range of 2–10 for the reactive and disperse dye removal (Reactive Brilliant Red and Disperse Yellow dyes). Epichlorohydrin-dimethylamine polymer with the highest η and τ gave the best reactive dye removal efficiency, and its adsorption-bridging and electric neutralization ability played important roles in the flocculation process. The higher the η viscosity of the epichlorohydrin-dimethylamine polymer, the better the flocculation performance of epichlorohydrin-dimethylamine polyamine, and stronger adsorption-bridging ability was obtained for removing the disperse dye from dyeing wastewaters. Epichlorohydrin-dimethylamine polymer achieved better decolorization performance when used together with PAC.     

噪声对岗位职工血三脂水平影响的调查分析

通过对金川公司１２４８名职工血三脂水平调查的结果表明：长期在噪声环境下作业,会导致血清中总胆固醇和甘油三酯的含量增高;噪声暴露量与血清中总胆固醇、甘油三酯的含量及血三脂的异常率呈正相关,与高密度脂蛋白的含量呈负相关;建议把血三脂的测定作为噪声岗位职工的健康监护指标之一。     

多孔零件水射流清洗机研制

根据生产需要，我们研制了“水射流自动清洗机”，采用水射流技术与清洗剂相结合，完成工序间、装配前的机械零件（尤其带有小孔、盲孔等多孔零件）的清洗，取得了普通清洗方法难以达到的清洗效果。该机在国内同类型清洗机中，首先采用水射流技术，全部流程，由ＰＣ机控制，加上水循环处理系统，其清洗自动化程度高，清洗速度快，清洗液消耗少，在实际生产中取得了良好效果。     

辐射化学在环境激素研究中的应用

环境激素对地球生态系统带来严重威胁.大量难降解环境激素(如多氯联苯、二噁英)危害全球脆弱的生态环境,其直接后果之一就是人类乳腺癌等恶性疾病发病率急剧上升.因此,当今世界各国均十分重视环境激素的环境生物学机理研究.辐射化学作为一门高新技术,在环境激素污染物处理、降解机理与生命科学研究等方面可发挥重要作用,例如:同步辐射可用于直接观测溶液口的雌激素受体ER真实结构,脉冲辐解、激光光解和电子自旋共振用于研究环境激素活性瞬态粒子动力学等等.     

Enhanced performance of alkali-modified Bi2WO6/Bi0.15Ti0.85O2 toward photocatalytic oxidation of HCHO under visible light

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Photocatalytic oxidation of formaldehyde (HCHO) is considered as one of the promising ways to resolve indoor air HCHO pollution. TiO2 has been well...     

莱茵河流域综合管理和生态修复模式及其启示

莱茵河是欧洲的重要航道及沿岸国家的供水水源地,对欧洲的社会、政治、经济发展都起着重要作用。19世纪下半叶,莱茵河及其沿岸地区的开发利用造成了严重的环境与生态问题。以保护莱茵河国际委员会为代表,沿岸各国建立协作机制,整治污染,进行生态环境的综合治理。经过数十年的治理过程,如今的莱茵河生机盎然、重现美丽。通过综合介绍莱茵河流域曾经经过的污染、治理、生态恢复过程,针对我国的生态文明建设和长江大保护行动,提出借鉴莱茵河治理模式与发展经验：（1）打造跨部门跨地区的合作平台,建立“长江保护委员会”;（2）加强流域整合管理,明确流域治理目标,制定“长江保护行动计划”;（3）建立生态补偿机制协调流域内各方利益;（4）积极鼓励政府、民众和企业参与,形成保护长江的共识与合力;（5）从源头治理污染,提升水质;（6）建立完整的全流域监测方案;（7）完善生态修复模式,以期对我国长江流域的生态保护与综合管理提供参考。 关键词： 莱茵河;流域管理;生态治理;经验启示     

Optimal regulation of N/P in horizontal sub-surface flow constructed wetland through quantitative phosphorus removal by steel slag fed

High concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus and imbalance of N/P can lead to the formation of water and the malignant proliferation of toxic microalgae. This study put forward the advanced nutrient removal with the regulation of effluent N/P as the core in order to restrain the eutrophication and growth of poisonous algae. According to the preliminary study and review, the optimal N/P for non-toxic green algae was 50:1. The horizontal sub-surface flow constructed wetland was filled with steel slag and ceramsite to achieve the regulation of effluent N/P. The results showed that steel slag had the stable P removal capacity when treating synthetic solution with low P concentration and the average removal rate for 1.5, 1.0, and 0.5 mg/L synthetic P solution was 2.98 ± 0.20 mg kg−1/h, 2.26 ± 0.15 mg kg−1/h, and 1.11 ± 0.10 mg kg−1/h, respectively. Combined with P removal rate and P removal task, the filling amount of steel slag along the SSFCW (sub-surface flow constructed wetland) was 3.22 kg, 4.24 kg, and 4.31 kg. In order to ensure the stability of dephosphorization of steel slag, the regeneration of P removal capacity was investigated by switching operation of two parallel SSFCW in 20 days for cycle. The N removal was limited for the deficiency of carbon source (COD (chemical oxygen demand)/TN = 3–4), and was stable at 18.5–31.9% which was less affected by temperature. Therefore, by controlling the process of quantitative P removal of steel slag, the effluent N/P in SSFCW can be stable at 40–60:1 in the whole year, so as to inhibit the malignant proliferation of toxic algae.     

一起换流变压器有载分接开关故障分析及处理

有载分接开关是换流变压器的重要部件。针对某±800 kV特高压换流站发生的换流变压器有载分接开关故障,通过设备检查和试验分析,得出此次事故发生的主要原因是有载分接开关的机械操作机构故障,并提出了相应的改进建议。     

催化臭氧氧化染料溶液的研究

采用催化臭氧化技术降解染料废水,以甲基紫溶液为目标污染物,研究了过渡型金属离子的类型,Fe2+的浓度,溶液初始pH值,染料浓度和正丁醇等因素对其降解率的影响。实验结果表明:臭氧氧化甲基紫溶液的过程中,加入一定浓度的过渡型金属离子对甲基紫的去除具有促进作用;当臭氧浓度为16 mg/L,一定浓度范围内,Fe2+催化臭氧化的效果随着浓度的增加而增加,但Fe2+浓度为13 mg/L时,甲基紫的降解率下降;在酸性范围时,pH值增大其降解率会减小;染料浓度增加,甲基紫的降解率减小,但是其绝对降解值会增加;正丁醇的加入抑制氧化反应的进行,甲基紫的降解率下降,说明催化臭氧化过程中有羟基自由基产生。染料降解过程符合一级反应动力学规律。     

改良型A2／O-MBR工艺的反硝化除磷性能研究

重点考察了-种改良型膜生物反应器（A2／O—MBR）的脱氮除磷性能。该工艺主要特点在于对膜池硝化回流液进行了固液分离,并将上清液和浓缩污泥分别回流至缺氧池和厌氧池,这种改进提高了系统对氮、磷的同步去除效率。实验结果表明,在水力停留时间（HRT）为12h,污泥龄（SRT）为30d,混合液回流比为200％的运行条件下,进水COD、NH4＋-N、TN和TP平均浓度分别为（225±38）、（24．8±3．9）、（26．7±2．9）和（2．90±0．53）mg／L时,增加膜池硝化回流液固液分离装置前后,系统对COD和NH4＋-N的去除都维持在较高水平,而系统对TN和TP的去除效果显著提高,出水TN和TP平均浓度分别由（14．9±3．3）mg／L和（1．95±0．72）mg／L下降到（9．4±1．9）mg／L和（0．91±0．38）mg／L,表明增加膜池硝化回流液固液分离装置显著改善了A2／O-MBR系统的脱氮除磷效果。反硝化除磷活性实验结果进一步表明,改进后系统中反硝化除磷活性占总除磷活性的比例由51．5％上升至61．7％,说明增加膜池硝化回流液固液分离装置强化了系统的反硝化除磷性能。