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221.
Li Y Tang J Yu X Xu X Cheng H Wang S 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(6):2329-2343
Introduction
Trends in precipitation pH and conductivity during 1992?C2009, and in ionic compositions from January 2007 to June 2009, are reported from Lushan Mountain, one of the highest mountains in mid-east China. Annual mean pH was in the range of 4.35?C5.01 and showed a statistically very significant (P?0.01) decreasing trend with time. Annual mean conductivity showed a statistically significant (P?0.05) increasing trend, although this was not the case for non-H conductivity. Increasing rainwater acidity was mainly caused by increasing amounts of acid substances entering the rain. The trends in precipitation pH and conductivity were directly associated with energy consumption.Results and discussions
Over the period of study, Lushan Mountain received more rainfall in spring and summer. The pH values varied seasonally with winter minima. The winter multiyear seasonal mean pH was 4.35. The corresponding summer value was 4.88. SO 4 2? and NO 3 ? were the main anions, and NH 4 + and Ca2+ the main cations. The anion to cation ratio was 0.8?C1.0, and that of [SO 4 2? ] to [NO 3 ? ] was 2.4-3.0, much lower than that of the 1980s. However, sulfuric acid was still the main acid present. The ratio of [NH 4 + ] to [Ca2+] was about 1.0, suggesting that these two alkaline substances provided close acid neutralizing capacity. The ratio of [Cl?] to [Na+] was about 0.67, somewhat lower than that of natural precipitation.Conclusions
Ionic composition varied seasonally and was closely correlated to the amounts of rainfall and pollution. Trajectory analyses showed that the trajectories to Lushan Mountain could be classified in six clusters and trajectories originating from the South Sea and the areas surrounding Lushan Mountain had the greatest impacts on precipitation chemistry. 相似文献222.
Changwei Hu Yuxiong Ou Dayi Zhang Hui Zhang Cheng Yan Yongjun Zhao Zheng Zheng 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(9):4168-4175
The Waigang River, a major tributary of the Qinhuai River system, has suffered from long-standing pollution because of lack of management. Restoration was commenced in April 2006 to reduce pollutants and improve water quality. Four ecological areas and ten surface carriers were constructed for the culture of plants (mainly water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)) for phytoremediation. Chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), total phosphorus, total nitrogen (TN), ammonia?Cnitrogen (NH3?CN), water transparency, and variations in phytoplankton population were investigated to evaluate the effects of restoration. Over 36?months, TSS, COD, TN, and NH3?CN levels decreased by 91.1, 55.3, 91.5, and 86.5?%, respectively. Transparency increased from 25?cm in 2006 to 165?cm in 2009. Improvements in water quality significantly enhanced the diversity of phytoplankton, which were harmed by pollution stress. Our results show that the water hyacinth and ryegrass cultured in the ecological areas and the surface carriers can be used to restore other heavily polluted rivers with conditions similar to those of the Waigang River, especially in the initial stages of restoration. 相似文献
223.
Liang B Yao Q Cheng H Gao S Kong F Cui D Guo Y Ren N Wang A 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(5):1385-1391
Purpose
With the aim of enhanced degradation of azo dye alizarin yellow R (AY) and further removal of the low-strength recalcitrant matter (LsRM) of the secondary effluent as much as possible, our research focused on the combination of aerobic bio-contact oxidation (ABO) with iron/carbon microelectrolysis (ICME) process.Materials and methods
The combined ABO (with effective volume of 2.4?l) and ICME (with effectively volume of 0.4?l) process were studied with relatively short hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 4 or 6?h.Results
At the HRT of 6?h with the reflux ratio of 1 and 2, the AY degradation efficiency in the final effluent was >96.5%, and the total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency were 69.86% and 79.44%, respectively. At the HRT of 4?h and the reflux ratio of 2, TOC removal efficiency and AY degradation efficiency were 73.94% and 94.89%, respectively. The ICME process obviously enhanced the total AY removal and the generated micromolecule acids and aldehydes then that wastewater backflow to the ABO where they were further biodegraded.Conclusion
The present research might provide the potential options for the advanced treatment azo dyes wastewater with short HRT and acceptable running costs. 相似文献224.
以钼酸铵和氨水分别为钼源和氮源,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Mo-N-TiO2光催化剂,并对其进行了XRD、XPS和UV-visDRS表征。XRD结果表明,Mo、N共掺杂有效抑制了TiO2晶粒的生长,提高了TiO2由锐钛矿向金红石相的转变温度。UV-vis表明,Mo-N-TiO2光催化剂可见光吸收能力增强,吸收带边明显"红移",且钼酸铵添加量(相对TiO2)为0.5%的样品"红移"程度最大,最大吸收带边为550 nm。XPS分析结果表明,Mo取代了TiO2晶格中的部分Ti4+,以Mo6+形式存在的,而N以Ti—N及N—Ti—O形式存在。以罗丹明B为模型污染物,重点考察了钼酸铵添加量与焙烧温度对Mo-N-TiO2光催剂性能的影响。结果表明,400℃焙烧下、钼酸铵添加量为0.5%的样品催化活性最好。模拟太阳光下光照120min对罗丹明B的降解率达到96.8%,是纯TiO2的2.42倍。 相似文献
225.
Ho SS Ho KF Lee SC Cheng Y Yu JZ Lam KM Feng NS Huang Y 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2012,62(2):221-234
Vehicular emission (VE) is one of the important anthropogenic sources for airborne carbonyls in urban area. Six types of VE-dominated samples were collected at representative locations in Hong Kong where polluted by a particular fueled type of vehicles, including (i) a gas refilling taxis station (liquefied petroleum gas [LPG] emission); (ii) a light-duty passenger car park (gasoline emission); (iii) a minibus station (diesel emission); (iv) a single-deck-bus depot (diesel emission); (v) a double-deck-bus depot (diesel emission); and (vi) a whole-food market entrance for light- and heavy-duty vehicles (diesel emission). A total of 15 carbonyls in the samples were quantified. Formaldehyde was the most abundant carbonyl among the VE-dominated samples, and its contribution to the total quantified amount on a molar basis ranged from 54.8% to 60.8%. Acetaldehyde and acetone were the next two abundant carbonyls. The carbonyls were quantified at three roadside locations in Hong Kong. The highest concentrations of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, 22.7 +/- 8.4 and 6.0 +/- 2.8 microg/m3, respectively, were determined in the samples collected at a main transportation gate for goods between Hong Kong and Mainland China. The total quantified carbonyl concentration, 37.9 +/- 9.3 microg/m3, was the highest at an entrance of a cross-harbor tunnel in downtown area. The theoretical carbonyls compositions of the three roadside locations were estimated according to the VE-dominated sample profiles and the statistics on vehicle numbers and types during the sampling period. The measured compositions of formaldehyde were much higher than the theoretical compositions in summer, demonstrating that photochemical reactions significantly contributed to the formaldehyde production in the roadsides. 相似文献
226.
227.
研究了以丝瓜络作为生物膜载体的曝气浸没固定生物膜反应器在处理化粪池出水时的可行性以及运行性能。结果表明,丝瓜络生物膜反应器可以在2周内成功启动;水力停留时间(HRT)对COD和氨氮的去除效果有显著影响,在水力停留时间为4 h的条件下,系统对COD和氨氮的去除率分别达到了78.5%和96.4%。另外,系统有较强抗有机污染物冲击负荷的能力,当COD和氨氮的进水浓度分别为59.3 mg/L和15.9 mg/L时,系统对有机污染物的去除效果较佳,去除率分别达到了80.0%和98.9%。 相似文献
228.
以钼酸铵和氨水分别为钼源和氮源,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Mo-N-TiO2光催化剂,并对其进行了XRD、XPS和UV-visDRS表征。XRD结果表明,Mo、N共掺杂有效抑制了TiO2晶粒的生长,提高了TiO2由锐钛矿向金红石相的转变温度。UV-vis表明,Mo-N-TiO2光催化剂可见光吸收能力增强,吸收带边明显"红移",且钼酸铵添加量(相对TiO2)为0.5%的样品"红移"程度最大,最大吸收带边为550 nm。XPS分析结果表明,Mo取代了TiO2晶格中的部分Ti4+,以Mo6+形式存在的,而N以Ti—N及N—Ti—O形式存在。以罗丹明B为模型污染物,重点考察了钼酸铵添加量与焙烧温度对Mo-N-TiO2光催剂性能的影响。结果表明,400℃焙烧下、钼酸铵添加量为0.5%的样品催化活性最好。模拟太阳光下光照120min对罗丹明B的降解率达到96.8%,是纯TiO2的2.42倍。 相似文献
229.
230.
Ning Hou Fengzhao Feng Yan Shi Huiming Cao Chunyan Li Zhi Cao Yi Cheng 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(17):10386-10398
A highly efficient demulsifying strain, LH-6, was isolated from petroleum-contaminated soil and identified as Bacillus cereus by 16S rDNA gene analysis. It achieved 95.61 and 95.40 % demulsifying ratios within 12 h for water-in-oil (W/O) and oil-in-water (O/W) model emulsions, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) detections indicated that the LH-6’s extracellular biodemulsifiers were different types of lipopeptides for the W/O and O/W emulsions. Optimization of the culture medium composition was conducted to improve the biosynthesis and demulsifying efficiency of the biodemulsifier. The optimal carbon source was liquid paraffin, while waste frying oil could also be an alternative carbon source. The optimal nitrogen sources were ammonium sulfate and yeast extract. To further enhance the biodemulsifier efficiency, the optimal cultivation conditions were determined using response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite rotation design (CCRD). Using the optimized cultivation conditions, the demulsifying ratios increased to 98.23 and 97.65 % for the W/O and O/W model emulsions, respectively. 相似文献