种子发芽势在环境污染监测中作为生物指标的尝试

本文用测定种子发芽势的方法，对Ｃｄ２＋、Ｈｇ２＋Ａｓ３－的生物毒害效应进行了试验，结果表明，种子发芽指数能很好地反映不同浓度Ｃｄ２＋、Ｈｇ２＋、Ａｓ３－的生物毒害作用．种子发芽势试验也可用于多成分污染物的生物毒性判别，通过相关分析或复回归分析可以大致判别出多成分污染物中何种成分生物毒性大．     

大同市大气颗粒物及有机污染物的分析研究

对大同市不同功能区的可吸入尘（＜１０μｍ）浓度进行了测定,并探讨了可吸入尘与总悬沙颗粒物的相关比例。总悬浮颗粒物上二氯甲烷萃取物含量达２０％,对其中的有机污染物用ＧＣ／ＭＳＴ和ＨＰＬＣ进行了分析,鉴定出的主要有机污染物有苯系物及芳烃类化合物３８种,烷烃类化合物３１种,以及酚类,酮类,含氮化合物和增塑剂１４种,总计８３种。     

土地利用和土地覆盖变化研究模型综述

本文综述了全球变化研究中土地利用和土地覆盖变化（ＬＵＣＣ）的主要模型,重点介绍了植被模型和引入社会驱动力的ＬＵＣＣ模型,并归纳出ＬＵＣＣ模型的以下发展趋势：①新一代的ＬＵＣＣ模型应该能够模拟ＬＵＣＣ的主要社会经济和自然驱动力,包括从ＬＵＣＣ到驱动力和全球变化的主要反馈关系；②具有明确的空间关系,能够以适当的空间分辨率,比较好地预测长期的（５０～１００ａ）土地利用和覆盖变化及有关的生物物理参数,如植被特征、资源的积聚和退化等；③能够更好地认识ＬＵＣＣ与其主要驱动力之间的关系在局地、区域和全球尺度上的动态和后果；充分考虑土地利用和覆盖变化对政策、技术进步、人口增长、经济发展、市场变化等社会变量的灵敏性,此外,还应注意意识、信仰等文化因素的影响；④发展新的ＬＵＣＣ建模方法,使ＬＵＣＣ模型能够与其它类型的全球变化模型,特别是气候模型建立联系。     

应对大型油罐特大火灾的研究——LASTFIRE项目组简介

简要介绍了LASTFIRE项目组的成立背景、组织结构、研究领域、研究目的、研究思路、研究进展等内容,总结了该项目组近几年的研究成果,指出我国的相关企业或研究机构应积极参与这种国际研究组织,实现研究国外资源共享,共同提高大型储罐的安全技术和管理水平。     

美国页岩气开采的水环境监管经验研究

页岩气开采所使用的核心技术——水力压裂技术不仅消耗大量水资源,而且向地下注入裂解液可能污染地下水。为应对页岩气开发所带来的环境问题,美国已开展并积累了相对丰富的环境监管经验和技术。文章就美国页岩气开采场地的水环境监管体系、法规、制度及技术等进行探讨和研究,并提出我国在页岩气大规模开采初期的水环境监管思路及技术方向。     

关于日本《环境教育等促进法》修改的研究

日本于2012年10月1日正式颁布了《环境教育等促进法》,此法由2003年颁布的《有关增进环保意愿以及推进环保教育的法律》修改而来,是一部充分调动各个社会主体协同合作,用环境教育开展环境保护工作的法律。通过分析该法多角度分层次的教育措施及特点,借鉴日本多年来环境教育推广经验,对我国加快环境教育立法进程,实现全民环境教育,增强全民节约意识、生态意识、环保意识,全力建设美丽中国有着重大意义。     

秦皇岛森林可持续发展对策探讨

通过分析秦皇岛森林资源现状可知,秦皇岛森林资源开发利用过程中主要存在森林分布不均、质量较低、人工林保存率低、护林资金匮乏等问题,并针对这些问题提出了加强森林资源生态功能的宣传工作、健全法制、加大退耕还林力度、强化管理,增加投入等秦皇岛森林资源可持续发展的对策。     

Assessment of Vegetation Establishment on Tailings Dam at an Iron Ore Mining Site of Suburban Beijing, China, 7 Years After Reclamation with Contrasting Site Treatment Methods

Strip-mining operations greatly disturb soil, vegetation and landscape elements, causing many ecological and environmental problems. Establishment of vegetation is a critical step in achieving the goal of ecosystem restoration in mining areas. At the Shouyun Iron Ore Mine in suburban Beijing, China, we investigated selective vegetation and soil traits on a tailings dam 7 years after site treatments with three contrasting approaches: (1) soil covering (designated as SC), (2) application of a straw mat, known as “vegetation carpet”, which contains prescribed plant seed mix and water retaining agent (designated as VC), on top of sand piles, and (3) combination of soil covering and application of vegetation carpet (designated as SC+VC). We found that after 7 years of reclamation, the SC+VC site had twice the number of plant species and greater biomass than the SC and VC sites, and that the VC site had a comparable plant abundance with the SC+VC site but much less biodiversity and plant coverage. The VC site did not differ with the SC site in the vegetation traits, albeit low soil fertility. It is suggested that application of vegetation carpet can be an alternative to introduction of topsoil for treatment of tailings dam with fine-structured substrate of ore sands. However, combination of topsoil treatment and application of vegetation carpet greatly increases vegetation coverage and plant biodiversity, and is therefore a much better approach for assisting vegetation establishment on the tailings dam of strip-mining operations. While application of vegetation carpet helps to stabilize the loose surface of fine-structured mine wastes and to introduce seed bank, introduction of fertile soil is necessary for supplying nutrients to plant growth in the efforts of ecosystem restoration of mining areas.     

郑州大气氮氧化物污染与灰色分析

通过对郑州市大气中NOx的监测和分析，初步揭示了NOx变化的规律。同时，运用灰色关联度分析，定量地分析了影响郑州市NOx变化的因素。并建立了该市的NOx产生量的GM（1，1）预测模型。结果表明：（1）影响NOx污染的主要因子是家庭用气普及率；（2）NOx在大气中的浓度呈逐年下降的趋势，2002年预测值为0.043mg/m^3。     

Microbial response to CaCO3 application in an acid soil in southern China

Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) application is widely used to ameliorate soil acidification. To counteract soil and bacterial community response to CaCO₃ application in an acidic paddy soil in southern China, a field experiment was conducted with four different dosages of CaCO₃ addition, 0, 2.25, 4.5 and 7.5?tons/ha, respectively. After one seasonal growth of rice, soil physicochemical properties, soil respiration and bacterial communities were investigated. Results showed that soil pH increased accordingly with increasing dose of CaCO₃ addition, and 7.5?tons/ha addition increased soil pH to neutral condition. Moderate dose of CaCO₃ application (4.5?tons/ha) significantly increased soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) content, enhanced soil respiration, while the excessive CaCO₃ application (7.5?tons/ha) decreased these soil properties. High-throughput sequencing results illustrated that moderate dose of CaCO₃ application increased the richness and alpha diversity of soil bacterial community. Compared with control, the relative abundance of Anaerolineaceae family belonging to Chloroflexi phylum increased by 38.7%, 35.4% and 24.5% under 2.25, 4.5 and 7.5?tons/ha treatments, respectively. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that soil pH was the most important factor shaping soil bacterial community. The results of this study suggest that proper dose of CaCO₃ additions to acid paddy soil in southern China could have positive effects on soil properties and bacterial community.