偶氮染料结构与其生物降解性关系研究进展

本文阐述了偶氮染料结构－生物降解性定性关系，生物降解机制，并对偶氮染料结构－生物降解性定量关系的有关参数进行了论述。     

生物絮凝剂除浊脱色作用的初步研究

本文报道了产生ＮＡＴ型生物絮凝剂的菌株的培养方法和筛选结果，着重讨论了此类生物絮凝剂对染料水样和非染料水样进行处理过程中ｐＨ值对处理效果的影响。并利用开发出的生物絮凝剂对实际排污河水进行处理，证明生物絮凝剂对悬浮水体的处理效果较好，可用于去除藻类。     

超声辅助电催化氧化降解苯酚的研究

对电催化氧化和超声辅助电催化氧化降解苯酚过程中的UV扫描吸收光谱研究表明:在苯酚的氧化降解反应过程中,都有对紫外光有吸收的中间体生成;对吸光度峰值随降解反应时间的变化关系进行非线性最小二乘法拟合(NLSF),发现溶液的相对吸光度峰值的衰减均符合表观零级反应动力学规律,其相应的表观反应速率常数(k0)分别为(0.0051±0.0005)min-1和(0.0052±0.0003)min-1;但超声波对电催化降解苯酚的速度和效果并无显著影响.同时GC-MS也检测到苯酚超声辅助电催化氧化降解60 min后,发现除苯酚仍然存在外,还有中间产物苯酚乙酸酯、甲酸、乙酸,从而证实苯酚在羟基自由基作用下,开环氧化降解生成乙酸和甲酸等小分子有机物,最后降解为二氧化碳和水.     

模拟纳污水体底质参数变化

本文介绍了模拟纳污水体中ＷＡＲ，ＷＭＲ，ＷＣＨ，ＳＡＲ，ＳＭＲ，ＳＳＦ和ＲＯＣ的变化。过程曲线表明水体污染时底质参数出现累积现象。     

太湖流域湖泊滩地资源及其开发利用

在调查和分析太湖流域湖泊滩地资源特征和开发利用状况的基础上,着重探讨了滩地围垦对流域生态环境的影响,并提出今后开发利用滩地资源的方向和对策。     

零价铁对厌氧消化过程中氨氮抑制解除的影响

氨氮抑制是影响高含固有机固体废弃物厌氧消化产甲烷效率的重要因素.本研究通过实验室批量实验,考察了微米级零价铁对剩余污泥、热水解污泥厌氧消化的影响以及对高氨氮抑制解除的影响.结果表明,投加4 g·L~(-1)和10 g·L~(-1)零价铁对剩余污泥、热水解污泥厌氧消化过程中的产甲烷速率、迟滞时间和产甲烷潜势等动力学特征均未有影响.但是,在高氨氮抑制的厌氧消化过程中, 4 g·L~(-1)和10 g·L~(-1)的零价铁投加可使厌氧消化受氨氮抑制的产甲烷迟滞时间由对照组的18.61 d分别缩短为17.22 d和16.18 d,最大产甲烷速率(以VS计)由对照组的6.34 mL·(d·g)~(-1)提升为7.84 mL·(d·g)~(-1)和7.39 mL·(d·g)~(-1).零价铁并未通过化学反应对厌氧消化的pH缓冲体系产生直接影响,而是使氨氮抑制后的产甲烷优势古菌Methanosarcina的相对丰度(27 d)由对照组的30.71%提升到53.50%和60.30%.本研究证明了零价铁并不能提升污泥产甲烷潜势,而只是在受抑制影响的厌氧消化过程中,刺激产甲烷微生物的代谢活性,强化如氨氮抑制影响的快速解除.     

2001—2017年中国北方省份气溶胶光学厚度的时空特征

利用2001年3月—2017年2月MODIS MOD08M3遥感反演气溶胶光学厚度产品数据,结合GIS统计分析方法和集合经验模态分解方法（EEMD）,对中国北方京津冀鲁豫晋陕7个省市的气溶胶光学厚度时空特征进行分析.结果表明：①从空间分布特征来看,人口密度与AOD空间分布有着直接的联系.一方面,地形因素主要通过影响人口分布来间接的影响AOD空间分布,另一方面地形因素还可以影响气溶胶的水平扩散,这使得AOD的空间变化梯度在平原和山脉交界处急剧增大,形成了AOD空间分布与地形高度契合的分布特征,因此地形因素是中国北方AOD空间分布重要的影响因素之一.②从时变特征来看,将EEMD应用于AOD时间序列变化研究,可以从频率域的角度提取不同尺度变化的规律和特征,AOD时间序列变化是由多个波动规律叠加在一起的最终结果,具体包括：年际间变化情况（IMF5）、季节性波动（IMF3）、时间间隔为12个月的人为事件波动（IMF2）、突发事件和情况（IMF1）.这些结果有助于研究AOD时空变化原因和北方地区的气候环境.     

Fenton试剂对孔雀绿废水的脱色处理研究

对Fenton试剂(过氧化氢与催化剂亚铁离子构成的氧化体系)氧化孔雀绿染料褪色的条件进行了研究,运用条件变化前后吸光度变化的方法,计算孔雀绿染料的脱色率,考察了过氧化氢、孔雀绿、亚铁离子的用量比例以及溶液pH值的大小、反应温度和反应时间对孔雀绿废水脱色率的影响.得出如下结论:在pH为3.0,过氧化氢浓度为4.87毫摩尔每升,亚铁离子浓度为0.12毫摩尔每升,孔雀绿浓度为12毫克每升比例条件下,30℃反应0.5小时以上,孔雀绿废水的脱色率达到99.7％.用该方法处理孔雀绿废水,操作简单、快速、消耗低、无二次污染.     

Performance and recent improvement in microbial fuel cells for simultaneous carbon and nitrogen removal: A review

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have become a promising technology for wastewater treatment accompanying electricity generation. Carbon and nitrogen removal can be achieved by utilizing the electron transfer between the anode and cathode in an MFC. However, large-scale power production and high removal efficiency must be achieved at a low cost to make MFCs practical and economically competitive in the future. This article reviews the principles, feasibility and bottlenecks of MFCs for simultaneous carbon and nitrogen removal, the recent advances and prospective strategies for performance improvement, as well as the involved microbes and electron transfer mechanisms.     

Experimental investigation of ash deposits on convection heating surfaces of a circulating fluidized bed municipal solid waste incinerator

Incineration of municipal solid waste(MSW) is a waste treatment method which can be sustainable in terms of waste volume reduction, as well as a source of renewable energy.During MSW combustion, increased formation of deposits on convection heating exchanger surfaces can pose severe operational problems, such as fouling, slagging and corrosion.These problems can cause lower heat transfer efficiency from the hot flue gas to the working fluid inside the tubes. A study was performed where experiments were carried out to examine the ash deposition characteristics in a full-scale MSW circulating fluidized bed(CFB) incinerator, using a newly designed deposit probe that was fitted with six thermocouples and four removable half rings. The influence of probe exposure time and probe surface temperature(500, 560, and 700℃) on ash deposit formation rate was investigated. The results indicate that the deposition mass and collection efficiency achieve a minimum at the probe surface temperature of 560℃. Ash particles are deposited on both the windward and leeward sides of the probe by impacting and thermophoretic/condensation behavior. The major inorganic elements present in the ash deposits are Ca,Al and Si. Compared to ash deposits formed on the leeward side of the probe,windward-side ash deposits contain relatively higher Ca and S concentrations, but lower levels of Al and Si. Among all cases at different surface temperatures, the differences in elemental composition of the ash deposits from the leeward side are insignificant.However, as the surface temperature increases, the concentrations of Al, Si, K and Na in the windward-side ash deposits increase, but the Ca concentration is reduced. Finally,governing mechanisms are proposed on the basis of the experimental data, such as deposit morphology, elemental composition and thermodynamic calculations.