掺硫改性TiO2对活性艳红X-3B的光催化降解性能研究

以硫脲为硫的源物质,以钛酸四丁酯为TiO₂的前驱体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了掺硫改性TiO₂光催化剂。以活性艳红X-3B为目标污染物,研究了该催化剂的光催化降解性能,对硫掺杂量、催化剂焙烧温度、溶液pH值以及催化剂添加量等影响因素进行了研究,并采用XRD分析手法对光催化剂进行表征。结果表明,经掺硫改性后的TiO₂的催化活性有了很大提高,且硫的掺杂有一个最佳值,即Ti∶S的摩尔比为1∶1。经掺硫改性的TiO₂在可见光区具备一定的催化活性, 180 min内对活性艳红X-3B的去除率可达35.1%,且在紫外光区的催化活性优于纯TiO₂。     

Health risk assessment for consumption of fish originating from ponds near Dabaoshan mine, South China

Mining effluents are a potential source of toxic metals in the surrounding aquatic ecosystem and pose a potential health risk to humans from fish consumption. The objective of this paper is to assess the impact of the long-term Dabaoshan mining operation on heavy metal accumulation in different fish species. Heavy metal accumulation (lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu)) in four tissues (liver, muscle, intestine, and gills) of five carp species (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Ctenopharyngodon idellus, Megalobrama amblycephala, Aristichthys nobilis, and Carassius auratus auratus) from two fishponds exposed to effluent waters from Dabaoshan mine, South China. The bioaccumulation factor (BAF) and target hazard quotients were calculated to assess potential health risks to local residents through fish consumption. Levels of heavy metals varied depending on the analyzed tissues. C. auratus auratus accumulated the higher Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu in the intestine compared with other fish species. Liver of all five species contained high concentrations of Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu. The BAF for the studied metals showed a descending order of Cd?>?Zn?>?Cu?>?Pb for fishpond 1 and Zn?>?Cd?>?Cu?>?Pb for fishpond 2. Risk assessments suggested that potential human health risk may be present due to high Pb and Cd concentration in the muscle of some fish species exceeding the national and international limits, although the target hazard quotients were less than one.     

苯胺的超临界水氧化研究1

苯胺的超临界水氧化表明,氧化剂Ｈ２Ｏ２、试验温度、压力和停留时间以及水样的起始ＴＯＣ值对ＴＯＣ的去除率有显著影响．在本试验中,选取了硫酸铜、硫酸铁、硫酸锰等金属盐进行苯胺的均相催化氧化试验研究,结果表明,这些金属盐对苯胺的氧化有不同的催化活性,筛选出硫酸锰和和硫酸亚铁进行了进一步的研究．以硫酸锰作催化剂为例,在４５０℃,２８ＭＰａ,Ｋ＝１．１,ｐＨ＝４．０的条件下,当停留时间为４６ｓ时,ＴＯＣ去除率达到１００%．     

空气中总悬浮颗粒物的三种测定方法比较

本文采用大流量采样、β－射线衰减测尘仪与ＴＥＯＭ测尘仪分析测定空气中的总悬浮颗粒物,对比实验结果表明：ＴＥＯＭ法与经典大流量测定方法、β－射线衰减法测量结果均具有可比性。     

Characteristics of ambient 1-min PM2.5 variation in Beijing

One-minute PM_2.5 concentration was obtained with LD-5C pocket microcomputer laser dust instrument from Dec. 15th, 2005 to Jan. 16th, 2006 and Mar. 17th to Apr. 28th, 2006 in Beijing. The concentration of SO₂, NO₂, O₃, CO, and PM₁₀ from Jan. 1st, 2001 to Dec. 31st, 2004 were obtained from the conversion of air pollution index. Results showed that all the pollutants showed cyclic characteristics. The longer yearly cycles was shown from SO₂, NO₂, O₃, CO, and PM₁₀, as the sampling time was 4-year long and daily collected. The shorter hourly and daily cycle was shown from 1-min PM_2.5, as the sampling time was about 1-month long and one collected at 1 min. The spectral density analysis confirmed this from the periodogram graphs. The longer yearly cycle (365, 180 days), the seasonal cycle (120, 60–90 days), and monthly cycle (21, 23, 27 days) of SO₂, NO₂, CO, O₃, and PM₁₀ were obviously shown. In addition, the shorter weekly cycle of 5–7 days is obviously shown, too. The shorter hourly cycle (8–12, 4–6, 3, 1–2 h, 20 min) of 1-min PM_2.5 was also indicated from spectral density analysis. Two major factors contribute the 1-min PM_2.5 cycles, i.e., the meteorological factors and source effects. Both the relative humidity and dew point showed consistent variation with PM_2.5, but the wind speed showed inverse variations with PM_2.5. Furthermore, the spectral density analysis of the meteorological factors (4–5, 2–2.5, 1–1.5 days, 12, 6–8, 3 h) may partially explain the cycles of PM_2.5. As for the sources effects, it can be shown from the strong dust storm of April 16–18th, 2006. PM_2.5 constantly increased tens and even hundreds of times high concentration within a few minutes due to the intensity of the dust sources.     

汶川地震后的卫生防疫对策

2008年5月12日14点28分,四川省汶川发生里氏8．0级特大地震,造成严重的人员伤亡、房屋倒塌、道路损毁和重大的经济损失。 四川是我国人口大省,本次地震造成大量的人员伤亡和牲畜死亡,灾区基础卫生设施和生态环境受到极大的破坏和影响。灾区公路、铁路严重破坏;     

偶氮染料定量结构-生物降解关系(QSBR)研究

利用量子化学原理剖析了偶氮染料的脱色机制,所得结果与文献中关于染料结构与脱色能力之间关系的结论基本一致,以脱色能力为染料生物降解能力的表征,建立了定量结构生物降解性模型,模型预测结果与实验结果基本吻合。     

废水处理新技术中的超临界水氧化法

超临界水氧化法是一种有效处理有机废水的方法,本文在总结超临界水的特点和优点的基础上,着重介绍了超临界水氧化的基本原理,工艺流程及应用状况,探讨该项技术的前景与发展趋势。、     

微/纳米塑料对淡水生物毒性、机理及其影响因素研究进展

微/纳米塑料(MNPs)在全球水环境中被检出,其污染问题已引起科学界和公众的普遍关注.MNPs因其物理化学特性可对水环境生物产生不可预知的危害.本文综述了MNPs对不同营养级淡水生物(藻类、水溞和鱼类)毒理效应的研究进展,阐述了MNPs对淡水生物毒性的作用机理,重点评述了影响MNPs对淡水生物毒性的主要因素,包括直接因...     

Reduction of mercury emissions from anthropogenic sources including coal combustion

Mercury(Hg)ranks number three,after arsenic(As)and lead(Pb),on the Substance Priority List of the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry(ATSDR,2019).M...