Study of the ambient air metallic elements Cr,Cu, Zn,Cd and Pb at HAF sampling sites

This study characterized diurnal variations in the compositions of total suspended particulates (TSP) and dry deposits of particulates from ambient air, and the metallic elements that are contained in them at harbor, airport and farmland (HAF) sampling sites from August, 2013 to July, 2014. Two-way ANOVA of the amounts of metallic elements in the TSP and dry deposits was carried out in all four seasons at the HAF sampling sites. The metallic elements Cr and Cu originated in local emission sources at the airport. Metallic elements Zn and Pb originated in local emission sources at the harbor. Finally, metallic element Cd originated in local emissions form farmland. The following results were also obtained. (1) The metallic composition of the TSP differed significantly from that of the dry deposits in all four seasons at the harbor and farmland sampling sites, but not at the airport sampling site. (2) High correlations coefficients were found between the amounts of metallic elements Cr and Cu in the TSP and those in the dry deposits at the airport sampling site. (3) Pb was present in the TSP and the dry deposits at the harbor sampling site.     

Annual ambient atmospheric mercury speciation measurement from Longjing,a rural site in Taiwan

The main purpose of this study was to monitor ambient air particulates and mercury species [RGM, Hg(p), GEM and total mercury] concentrations and dry depositions over rural area at Longjing in central Taiwan during October 2014 to September 2015. In addition, passive air sampler and knife-edge surrogate surface samplers were used to collect the ambient air mercury species concentrations and dry depositions, respectively, in this study. Moreover, direct mercury analyzer was directly used to detect the mercury Hg(p) and RGM concentrations. The result indicated that: (1) The average highest RGM, Hg(p), GEM and total mercury concentrations, and dry depositions were observed in January, prevailing dust storm occurred in winter season was the possible major reason responsible for the above findings. (2) The highest average RGM, Hg(p), GEM and total mercury concentrations, dry depositions and velocities were occurred in winter. This is because that China is the largest atmospheric mercury (Hg) emitter in the world. Its Hg emissions and environmental impacts need to be evaluated. (3) The results indicated that the total mercury ratios of Kaohsiung to that of this study were 5.61. This is because that Kaohsiung has the largest industry density (~60 %) in Taiwan. (4) the USA showed average lower mercury species concentrations when compared to those of the other world countries. The average ratios of China/USA values were 89, 76 and 160 for total mercury, RGM and Hg(p), respectively, during the years of 2000–2012.     

机载设备温度试验摆放间距研究

目的 在多台产品进行温度试验时,确定高低温试验箱中产品合理的放置间距,以确保试验有效。方法 基于接触式测量,对机箱类产品的摆放间隔随温度变化进行测试,并对所有测试结果画出数据曲线,进行分析研究。结果 通过对高低温试验箱中1、5、10、15 cm放置间距的产品的温度变化情况进行测定,经过对比分析研究,最终确定了合理的放置间距。结论 经过分析研究,最终确定按照测试方案中制定的10 cm间距摆放,则整个试验过程可信度仍较高。     

N2流量比对AlCrMoSiN涂层组织结构和性能的影响

目的 减少硬质合金刀具在干式切削时产生的切削热,降低切削温度,从而提高刀具使用寿命。向AlCrSiN涂层中掺杂Mo元素,在涂层服役过程中易生成层状MoO_(3)润滑膜,降低刀面与切屑和工件间的摩擦,实现涂层刀具的自润滑功能。方法 利用高功率脉冲磁控溅射和脉冲直流磁控溅射复合技术制备AlCrMoSiN涂层,改变反应气体N_(2)流量,调节涂层的成分和结构。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜分析AlCrMoSiN涂层的物相成分和微观结构,利用纳米压痕仪、划痕仪和摩擦试验机分别测试涂层的力学性能和摩擦学行为。结果 当N_(2)流量比增大,AlCrMoSiN涂层沿(111)晶面择优生长,衍射峰变得尖锐,(111)和(200)晶面衍射峰向小角度偏移。当N_(2)流量比为16%时,涂层的硬度和弹性模量最大,分别为17.56 GPa和292.31 GPa。当N_(2)流量比为18%时,涂层的临界载荷最高,约为70.6 N,摩擦系数最低达0.54,磨损率为1.3×10^(–3)μm^(3)/(N·μm),此时涂层最耐磨。结论 N_(2)流量比对涂层组织结构有重要影响,随着N_(2)流量比增大,涂层的力学性能与摩擦磨损性能逐渐改善。     

Risk assessment and investigation of landfill leachate as a source of emerging organic contaminants to the surrounding environment: a case study of the largest landfill in Jinan City,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) have been widely studied in landfill leachates but not in the surrounding environment of landfills. In this...     

用CO_2改性碱渣废水强化炼油废水的硝化效能

针对炼油废水缺乏碱度而硝化效能受限问题,以CO_2曝气处理后的改性碱渣废水为碱度补充剂,按一定配比加入炼油废水好氧阶段以强化硝化效能。实验结果表明:经流量为1 L/min的CO_2连续曝气处理5 h后,碱渣废水p H可降至7.2~7.8,钙元素质量浓度可降低90.65%,并去除了部分汞、砷等有毒重金属;将该改性碱渣废水以1∶99的体积比加入炼油废水并进行生化处理,COD去除率可达90.2%;相较于未补充碱渣的炼油废水,出水ρ(NO3--N)提高25%~30%,硝化细菌菌群密度增加52%,污泥絮体形态结构未发生改变。     

Evolution of Sustainable Carbon Cycling Processes in China

Abstract

This report summarizes the surveys on carbon inventories and initiatives on sustainable carbon cycling taken by RCEES. The first part of this report deals with the concept of sustainable carbon cycling, the historical evolution of carbon cycling processes in China, carbon pool enhancement, value addition, carbon sequestration and carbon balance. The second part covers the modeling of carbon dynamics, emission inventories of various carbon-containing greenhouse gases and their potential abatement measures.     

城镇化进程中的农民生活用水研究

目前,我国有关农村居民生活用水的系统研究相当缺乏。对地处上海市浦东快速城市化区域的8个村庄进行随机入户调查。在对调查数据进行整理和统计分析的基础上,系统研究当地农民的生活用水行为和影响因素。研究表明：（1）被访农民普遍认为自来水价格过高。家庭收入水平是决定被访农民对水价态度的主要影响因素。（2）自来水价格主要对农户的洗衣行为产生显著影响。认为自来水价格高的农户更倾向于用井水洗衣。（3）影响农户自来水用水量的显著变量包括：农户家庭常住人口、自来水价格、洗衣水源和洗澡方式。（4）被访农民普遍具有节水意识,但大都局限于“节约使用自来水,减少自来水水费”这个层面。提高农民的水污染控制和水资源保护意识,正确引导其井水抽取和生活污水排放行为,促进农村污水收集和治理项目的普及和正常运行,以及完善地下水资源的保护和管理机制是现阶段当地保障农村生活用水安全的工作重点     

氯苯类生产过程POPs污染风险点分析及环境管理建议

我国氯苯类生产过程中的二噁英类、五氯苯、六氯苯等非故意产生类持久性有机污染物对环境具有潜在风险。对具有典型工艺特征的氯苯类生产过程中关键节点的二噁英类进行了检测和分析,在残渣、残液、废水和副产品(多氯苯混合物)中发现高浓度二噁英类,主要成分为多氯代二苯并呋喃,推测可能与原料中呋喃类杂质有关。为践行我国《关于持久性有机污染物的斯德哥尔摩公约》的履约责任和控制二噁英类排放造成的环境风险,结合国内外相关管理制度提出了法规制度、监督管理、工艺改进、产品质控和废物处置等方面的环境管理建议。     

南京颗粒物时间序列相关性及其成因分析研究

以南京2014年2月到5月的PM2．5、PM10日平均值和气象要素观测资料为例,根据Pearson相关系数和双尾检验显著性水平对其逐日时间序列进行相关性分析。结果表明：南京2014年2月到5月PM2．5、PM10与前2日质量浓度值呈正相关性,但两者与前3日、前4日质量浓度值都没有明显线性相关性;PM10较PM2．5相关性更强。在此基础上,从PM2．5、PM10成分来源等方面,阐述了该结论产生的原因。