活性污泥胞外多聚物的研究进展

本文阐明研究胞外多聚物的重要性入手,从它的性质,来源,在污水和污泥处理中各方面的影响作用,以及胞多聚物的分离提取方法几方面,综述了活性污泥胞外多聚物的研究发展和现状,并提出了一些可供进一步的探索的问题。     

干旱指标及其在新疆阿勒泰地区干旱监测分析中的应用

干旱是限制新疆阿勒泰地区农牧业生产可持续发展最主要的自然灾害之一,研究适合该区的干旱指标,是进行有效干旱监测的基础。采用新疆阿勒泰地区7个气象站1961-2008年4-10月月平均气温、降水量资料,首先通过Thomthwaite方法计算潜在蒸发量确定K干旱指数,然后对R指数、Z指数、K指数3种干旱指标进行了分析,结果表明,在监测诊断干旱轻重程度上,K指数能较客观地反映出干旱程度,R指数和Z指数监测干旱程度较轻。在此基础上,基于K指数建立的阿勒泰地区干旱监测评价的强度指数和面积指数,对该地区近48年来干旱的变化进行了分析,表明该地区干旱灾害主要集中在春夏季节,春夏连旱几率较高,强度较大;该地区干旱灾害具有阶段性特征,近年来干旱发生的频次有增多的趋势,其中秋季干旱相对较为明显。     

超临界水氧化法处理苯胺废水

水样中苯胺的超临界水氧化（SCWO）表明氧化剂过氧化氢的用量,试验温度,压力和停留时间对水中TOC的去除率有显著影响,在500℃,25MPa和K1．1条件下,停留时间为35s,TOC去除率可达99％以上,TOC去除率随起始浓度的增加而提高,这表明SCWO适于处理高TOC值废水。     

铬渣制砖的毒性浸出及评价

对铬渣制砖的毒性浸出进行了研究 ,结果表明铬渣制砖可对六价铬起到封闭作用 ,但被封闭的六价铬在流体环境中会有浸出 ,砖样浸出液中六价铬的含量随时间及浸出方法的不同而不同 ,浸泡 2 0天浸出液中六价格含量达到稳定 ,碱性环境有利于六价铬的重新溶出     

磷酸三苯酯经miRNA介导的人肝细胞脂类代谢干扰作用

磷酸三苯酯(triphenyl phosphate,TPhP)是近年来广泛应用于电子产品的磷系阻燃剂,其脂类代谢干扰作用受到广泛关注,而microRNAs(miRNAs)在 TPhP脂类代谢干扰过程中的调控作用仍鲜有报道.本研究通过探讨TPhP暴露条件下人肝细胞的细胞活性、TPhP清除速率与miRNAs表达调控特征,并...     

PAH emission from the incineration of three plastic wastes

A batch-type, controlled-air incinerator was used for the treatment of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and polypropylene (PP) plastic wastes. The concentration and composition of 21 individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the raw wastes, flue gas (gas and particle phases), and ash were determined. Stack flue-gas samples were collected by a PAH stack-sampling system. Twenty-one individual PAHs were analyzed primarily by a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS). The CO concentration correlated well with the total PAH (R2 > .89), and thus can be used as a surrogate indicator for PAH emission. Excess amounts of air supply in the incineration of plastic wastes could decrease not only the concentration of the PAHs in the bottom ash but also the emission factor (EF) of the total PAH in the stack flue gas. Of the three plastic wastes, HDPE was found to have the highest mean EF of the total PAHs (462.3 mg/kg waste) from the stack flue gas. Incinerating PVC would result in a higher EF of PAHs (195.4 mg/kg waste) in the bottom ash. When PVC plastic wastes were incinerated, higher-ringed PAHs constituted a larger percentage in the bottom ash as compared to those from PP and HDPE plastics. By judging the output and input (O/I) ratio of the PAHs from the incineration trials of plastic wastes, the PAHs involved in incineration of three plastic wastes were almost entirely destroyed; and a low residual amount between 0.00018 and 0.00032 remained in the emission.     

安徽太平湖水库饵料生物资源及其变化研究

１９９２年１１月至１９９３年８月，对太平洋水库浮游生物和底栖动物的周年调查结果表明，该库的天然饵料资源比较丰富，与８年前的资料相比，各类饵料生物的生物量均有较大幅度的增加，饵料生物的年产鱼潜力合计约为１２５万ｋｇ，化学分析结果显示，太平湖水库目前水质状况尚好。     

地下水动态变化的成灾现象

对由人类活动引起的地下水动态变化所诱发的各种类型的灾害事件进行了分类研究;并对其成因及防治措施分别作了探讨。     

南京冬夏硫酸盐和硝酸盐对黑碳混合态的影响

采用单颗粒黑碳光度计（SP2）结合MARGA在线分析仪对南京地区冬季和夏季黑碳（BC）的质量浓度,以及硫酸盐,硝酸盐对其混合状态的影响进行了研究.结果表明,冬季和夏季南京地区BC质量浓度分别在1.01~14.5μg/m³和0.20~3.81μg/m³之间,均值分别为（4.39±2.66）μg/m³和（1.67±0.76）μg/m³,均呈现早晚高值的双峰型日变化特征.运用相对包裹层厚度D_p/D_c表示BC混合状态,冬季和夏季D_p/D_c分别在1.39~2.34和1.03~1.45之间,均值分别（1.81±0.21）和（1.24±0.08）,D_p/D_c日变化特征与BC相反,冬季D_p/D_c日变化幅度较大.冬季D_p/D_c与SO₄^2-和NO₃^-的相关性较好,D_p/D_c与NO₃^-的相关性高于其与SO₄^2-的相关性,夏季则相反.冬季清洁时期BC以本地源排放为主,其混合状态受硫酸盐和硝酸盐影响较高,冬季重污染时期,受排放源以及区域传输的影响,D_p/D_c与SO₄^2-和NO₃^-的相关性较低.     

Effective removal of antibiotic resistance genes and potential links with archaeal communities during vacuum-type composting and positive-pressure composting

As a major reservoir of antibiotics, animal manure contributes a lot to the augmented environmental pressure of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). This might be the first study to explore the effects of different ventilation types on the control of ARGs and to identify the relationships between archaeal communities and ARGs during the composting of dairy manure. Several ARGs were quantified via Real-time qPCR and microbial communities including bacteria and archaea were analyzed by High-throughput sequencing during vacuum-type composting (VTC) and positive-pressure composting (PPC). The total detected ARGs and class I integrase gene (intI1) under VTC were significantly lower than that under PPC during each stage of the composting (p < 0.001). The relative abundance of potential human pathogenic bacteria (HPB) which were identified based on sequencing information and correlation analysis decreased by 74.6% and 91.4% at the end of PPC and VTC, respectively. The composition of archaeal communities indicated that methane-producing archaea including Methanobrevibacter, Methanocorpusculum and Methanosphaera were dominant throughout the composting. Redundancy analysis suggested that Methanobrevibacter and Methanocorpusculum were positively correlated with all of the detected ARGs. Network analysis determined that the possible hosts of ARGs were different under VTC and PPC, and provided new sights about potential links between archaea and ARGs. Our results showed better performance of VTC in reducing ARGs and potential HPB and demonstrated that some archaea could also be influential hosts of ARGs, and caution the risks of archaea carrying ARGs.