2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin promotes migration ability of primary cultured rat astrocytes via aryl hydrocarbon receptor

Emerging evidence showed that 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) could induce expression of certain reactivation-associated genes in astrocytes, however, the consequent cellular effects and molecular mechanisms are still unclear. During the process of astrocyte reactivation, migration is a critical cellular event. In the present study, we employed wound-healing assay and Transwell® motility assay to explore the effects of TCDD on cell migration in primary cultured rat cortical astrocytes. We found that upon TCDD treatments at relative low concentrations (10^? 10 and/or 10^? 9?mol/L), the ability of primary astrocytes to migrate horizontally and vertically was promoted. In line with this cellular effect, the mRNA expression of two pro-migratory genes, including cell division cycle 42 (CDC42) and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) was induced by TCDD treatment. Dioxin exerts its toxic effects mainly through aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway. So the role of AhR pathway in the pro-migratory effects of TCDD was examined using an AhR antagonist, CH223191. We found that application of CH223191 significantly reversed the pro-migratory effects of TCDD. Interestingly, the basal ability of horizontal migration as well as basal levels of CDC42 and MMP2 expression were dramatically reduced suggesting a possible physiological role of AhR in maintaining the endogenous migration ability of the primary astrocytes. These findings support the notion that dioxin promotes astrocyte reactivation at molecular and cellular levels.     

Air pollution characteristics and their relationship with emissions and meteorology in the Yangtze River Delta region during 2014–2016

With rapid economic growth and urbanization, the Yangtze River Delta(YRD) region in China has experienced serious air pollution challenges. In this study, we analyzed the air pollution characteristics and their relationship with emissions and meteorology in the YRD region during 2014–2016. In recent years, the concentrations of all air pollutants, except O_3,decreased. Spatially, the PM_(2.5), PM_(10), SO_2, and CO concentrations were higher in the northern YRD region, and NO_2 and O_3 were higher in the central YRD region. Based on the number of non-attainment days(i.e., days with air quality index greater than 100), PM_(2.5) was the largest contributor to air pollution in the YRD region, followed by O_3, PM_(10), and NO_2.However, particulate matter pollution has declined gradually, while O_3 pollution worsened.Meteorological conditions mainly influenced day-to-day variations in pollutant concentrations. PM_(2.5) concentration was inversely related to wind speed, while O_3 concentration was positively correlated with temperature and negatively correlated with relative humidity.The air quality improvement in recent years was mainly attributed to emission reductions.During 2014–2016, PM_(2.5), PM_(10), SO_2, NO_x, CO, NH_3, and volatile organic compound(VOC)emissions in the YRD region were reduced by 26.3%, 29.2%, 32.4%, 8.1%, 15.9%, 4.5%, and0.3%, respectively. Regional transport also contributed to the air pollution. During regional haze periods, pollutants from North China and East China aggravated the pollution in the YRD region. Our findings suggest that emission reduction and regional joint prevention and control helped to improve the air quality in the YRD region.     

屏蔽电机主泵双金属飞轮飞射物对承压边界完整性破坏作用

目的掌握反应堆冷却剂泵双金属飞轮飞射物对承压边界完整性的影响规律。方法基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA对飞轮保持环失效后钨合金块与承压边界的碰撞过程进行分析,模拟承压边界在重要因素(电机壳厚度、钨合金块数)的影响下对飞轮飞射物的包容过程。结果在保持飞射物入射初速度不变的情况下,当电机壳厚度小于118 mm时,发生非包容性失效。改变钨合金块数(4、8、12、16块),可以发现钨合金块数越多,飞射物对承压边界施加的破坏能量就越小。结论增加电机壳厚度、钨合金块数有利于承压边界能够很好地包容住所有飞射物。该研究成果对屏蔽电机主泵惰转飞轮的可靠性设计具有重要意义。     

基于Matlab/Simulink的导弹运输振动载荷分析

目的分析导弹在车辆运输中的振动载荷情况,为开展导弹结构可靠性分析和寿命预估提供输入条件。方法根据导弹运输车的动力学模型,利用Matlab/Simulink对不同路况条件下导弹运输车振动响应情况进行仿真计算,获得不同路况和运输车速时的振动响应情况。结果随着路面等级下降和车辆速度的增加,导弹运输车振动的幅值也相应增加。结论滤波白噪声方法模拟得到的时域路面功率谱与标准等级功率谱一致性较好,可以作为振动响应分析的输入激励。     

辽东湾东部海域核电冷源取水区的风险生物分析

我国近年来在核电冷源取水系统运行过程中,因海洋生物聚集或暴发等原因,屡次堵塞冷源取水系统,造成取水水泵、发电机组甚至反应堆异常停止,给核电正常运行带来了较大风险。建立核电冷源取水区的风险生物目录,并有针对性地研究其监测、预警技术和防控对策,是核电冷源取水系统安全运行的前提。通过2015年6~11月在红沿河核电取水区及其临近海域的调查,筛选出对冷源取水系统风险值为"高"的海洋生物主要有长石莼（缘管浒苔）（Ulva linza）、孔石莼（Ulva pertusa）、海月水母（Aurelia aurita）、沙蛰（Nemopilema nomurai）、球型侧腕水母（Pleurobrachia globosa）、中国毛虾（Acetes chinensis）等。其中海月水母的风险分级基准为:大于或等于500 ind./（net.h）时风险为"高",为红色预警级别;大于300而小于500 ind./（net.h）时风险为"中",为黄色预警级别;大于100而小于300 ind./（net.h）时风险为"低",为蓝色预警级别。     

京津冀城市群冬季二次PM2.5的时空分布特征

二次组分是造成京津冀城市群冬季PM_2.5污染的重要因素.采用CO示踪法,估算2017～2021年冬季京津冀城市群二次PM_2.5浓度,并分析其时空分布特征,探讨区域二次PM_2.5的影响因素.结果表明,2017～2021年冬季京津冀区域PM_2.5浓度下降趋势明显,河北中南部一次PM_2.5下降幅度最大,二次PM_2.5浓度年际波动平稳,北京和天津二次PM_2.5占比明显高于其他城市.随着污染程度加剧,一次PM_2.5和二次PM_2.5质量浓度均有不同程度的增加,二次PM_2.5占比呈显著增大趋势.与直接测量结果相比,CO示踪法获得的结果偏低,与冬季CO浓度较高,一次PM_2.5浓度高估有关,选取合适的一次气溶胶基准值是改进该方法,获取合理估算值的关键.     

反硝化脱氮对太湖蓝藻水华态势的影响

反硝化作用是水生生态系统的主要脱氮过程,与蓝藻生长之间存在对氮素的竞争作用,然而气候变化背景下反硝化脱氮对蓝藻水华发生动态的影响仍不清楚.基于2017~2021年北太湖为期5 a的水质监测历史数据,结合不同温度下蓝藻生长和沉积物泥浆培养实验,探究了湖体反硝化脱氮与蓝藻水华之间的相互影响.监测数据表明,太湖水体藻类生物量（以Chla表示）高值主要出现在夏秋季节,而总氮浓度季节变化规律与藻类生物量完全相反,冬春季较高,夏秋季显著降低,溶解态无机氮主要以硝态氮为主,并且硝态氮浓度在夏秋季节几乎接近于零.总磷浓度与Chla浓度变化一致.蓝藻培养实验结果表明,20℃以下蓝藻不能大量生长繁殖.泥浆培养实验结果发现,太湖反硝化作用的最高温度阈值为25℃,在10~25℃之间反硝化潜力与温度呈现显著的线性关系（R²=0.99）.反硝化作用发生的最高硝态氮浓度阈值为4 mg ·L^-1,远高于太湖水体的硝态氮浓度,反硝化潜力最高达到（62.98±21.36）μmol ·（kg ·h）^-1.太湖水体反硝化速率受到硝态氮浓度的限制,而气候变暖导致湖泊温度提前升高,会使蓝藻提前生长,蓝藻生长对硝态氮的同化吸收会和反硝化作用产生竞争,使得大量氮还未被反硝化作用脱除就被藻类吸收利用,从而加剧蓝藻水华暴发的态势.研究结果对于解释近年来气候变化背景下太湖蓝藻水华反弹的机制具有重要科学意义.     

滇池流域水资源持续利用与保护

滇池流域水资源目前存在着资源短缺，水质污染，生态环境恶化，防洪能力不强等主要问题，对流域的工农业生产，渔业发展，旅游，人体健康等产生了一定的影响，制约着流域经济，社会的可持续发展，为满足可持续发展对水资源的要求，昆明有关方面制定了该流域的水资源保护计划，未来滇池流域的水资源保护应从可持续发展的战略出发，渗透到经济与社会发展中去。     

γ—BHC在稻田土壤和水稻上的残留及异构化

γ－ＢＨＣ在稻田壤和水稻上有不同程度异构化为α、β、δ－ＢＨＣ的趋势，但强度不大，其异构化程度随土壤的基本理化性状和水稻植株各部位的差异而不同。由此推在正常使用的情况下，γ－ＢＨＣ不至于因其异构化而构成对农田土壤与水稻的污染危害。     

氨精制产品质量影响因素及改进措施

阐述了浓氨水循环洗涤法脱硫工艺原理，原则流程，开工、运行过程中存在的问题及解决方案，影响液氨产品质量因素及采取的措施，以及对原林源石化公司含硫法水汽提-氨精制系统不足提出的改进建议。