The greater roles of indigenous microorganisms in removing nitrobenzene from sediment compared with the exogenous <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phragmites australis</Emphasis> and strain JS45

The feasibility of using Phragmites australis-JS45 system in removing nitrobenzene from sediments was conducted. However, it was observed that nitrobenzene degraded rapidly and was removed completely within 20 days in native sediments, raising the possibility that indigenous microorganisms may play important roles in nitrobenzene degradation. Consequently, this study aimed to verify this possibility and investigate the potential nitrobenzene degraders among indigenous microorganisms in sediments. The abundance of inoculated strain JS45 and indigenous bacteria in sediments was quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, community structure of the indigenous bacteria was analyzed through high throughput sequencing based on Illumina MiSeq platform. The results showed that indigenous bacteria in native sediments were abundant, approximately 10¹⁴ CFU/g dry weight, which is about six orders of magnitude higher than that in fertile soils. In addition, the levels of indigenous Proteobacteria (Acinetobacter, Comamonadaceae_ uncultured, Pseudomonas, and Thauera) and Firmicutes (Clostridium, Sporacetigenium, Fusibacter, Youngiibacter, and Trichococcus) increased significantly during nitrobenzene removal. Their quantities sharply decreased after nitrobenzene was removed completely, except for Pseudomonas and Thauera. Based on the results, it can be concluded that indigenous microorganisms including Proteobacteria and Firmicutes can have great potential for removing nitrobenzene from sediments. Although P. australis - JS45 system was set up in an attempt to eliminate nitrobenzene from sediments, and the system did not meet the expectation. The findings still provide valuable information on enhancing nitrobenzene removal by optimizing the sediment conditions for better growth of indigenous Proteobacteria and Firmicutes.

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电镀污泥中重金属溶出动力学及其在土壤中的归趋

电镀污泥是电镀工业中重金属的"汇",在降水的作用下可能向环境释放大量的重金属.本文通过连续浸出实验和动力学拟合探究了电镀污泥中重金属的溶出特性,并分析了重金属在土壤中的吸附、迁移转化及淋出行为.结果表明,在淋溶初期,重金属从电镀污泥中大量释放,且土壤中Cr （Ⅵ）、Ni的淋出浓度分别高达0.102、0.222 mg·L^-1.淋溶后,表层土壤中Ni、Cu的总量及可交换态/碳酸盐结合态含量均显著增加;由于专性吸附作用,Cu的铁锰氧化物结合态含量也大量增加,Cu在土壤中的吸附率高达89.32%~97.67%,降低了其从土壤中的淋出风险.Cr、Ni、Cu更易在红壤中发生吸附并转化为稳定的有机结合态,降低了重金属的潜在迁移性;相应地,电镀污泥中释放的Cr、Ni、Cu在栗钙土中具有较高的淋出风险.     

长江重点江段水体中多环芳烃及其衍生物的分布及健康风险

研究了长江攀枝花、宜宾、泸州、重庆、涪陵、三峡、岳阳、武汉、九江和南京共计10个重点江段枯水期和丰水期表层水中19种多环芳烃(PAHs)及其15种衍生物(SPAHs)的分布和来源,评估了长江PAHs类污染的健康风险及时空差异.结果表明,长江表层水中∑PAHs、∑SPAHs平均浓度分别为(147.3±59.8)、(73.2±29.7) ng·L^-1,检出率分别为82.9%、69.5%,其中2~3环(S)PAHs所占比例为79%.在SPAHs中,∑NPAHs(硝基取代PAHs)、∑MPAHs(甲基取代PAHs)、∑OPAHs(氧化PAHs)的平均浓度分别为(27.0±4.5)、(24.7±15.5)、(17.1±11.9) ng·L^-1.根据分子比值法及主成分分析可知,长江重点江段PAHs主要来源于生物质、化石及液体燃料燃烧,SPAHs主要来源于燃烧源和光化学转化,SPAHs及PAHs通过大气沉降汇入水体.采用毒性当量因子浓度计算对长江重点江段PAHs进行健康风险评估,结果表明在枯水期具有致癌性PAHs的∑TEQ_BaP值(苯并芘毒性当量)较高,其中岳阳、武汉江段的BaP毒性当量浓度高于我国地表水规定阈值,应当高度重视长江流域PAHs在枯水期引起的健康风险.     

中国实现碳达峰的政策建议——基于碳定价机制模型的多情景模拟分析

碳定价机制是利用市场机制推动碳减排、减缓气候变化方案的核心内容,包括碳排放权交易和碳税等措施。尽管新冠肺炎疫情打乱了经济发展节奏,但是中国主动提高国家自主贡献力度,积极推进战略提升与政策强化。本研究构建并运用"碳定价机制模型"模拟涵盖不同主体范围及政策组合下的碳排放权交易市场运行情况,分析评估碳减排效果及经济影响,为丰富完善我国实现碳达峰的政策工具提供技术支持。     

半干法烟气脱硫系统中喷水调节阀的控制及选型

喷水流量的控制对半干法脱硫效率至关重要,通过分析喷水调节阀的控制对吸收塔温度的影响,表明该阀流量特性选择的重要性,并提出喷水调节阀的选型及计算方法。     

好氧填埋技术对渗滤液水质变化的影响

垃圾填埋场产生大量渗滤液,而一般厌氧型填埋场产生渗滤液中含有很高浓度的有机物。因此,渗滤液成为填埋场的难题。通过试验模拟垃圾的好氧填埋过程,并在此过程中对垃圾产生渗滤液中的COD、BOD5和NH 4+-N进行连续监测,通过试验初步得出:在好氧填埋条件下,垃圾堆体产生渗滤液中有机物和NH 4+-N浓度得到较大程度降低。渗滤液中COD、BOD5和NH 4+-N的降解率分别高达98.99%、99.94%和99.78%。     

镇江市雨水收集利用示范工程雨水水质特性研究

以镇江市雨水利用示范工程为研究对象,通过对8场典型降雨雨水取样检测,得出了示范点雨水径流的污染状况和水质特性,分析各种雨水水质变化规律、雨水质量及其主要影响因素,研究各类污染物之间的相关性。结果表明:降雨初期径流污染严重,主要是有机污染物和悬浮物固体污染,雨水中的悬浮物与有机污染物浓度有一定的相关性;在弃去初期雨水后,水质基本满足景观环境再生水水质和城市杂用水水质的控制指标。     

电袋复合型除尘器在电厂除尘改造中的应用

介绍晋北铝业自备电厂4台240t/h锅炉电除尘器改造成电袋复合型除尘器的方案、原理、运行情况,为国内燃煤电厂的电除尘器改造提供借鉴和参考。     

Development of a hydrothermal time seed germination model which uses the Weibull distribution to describe base water potential

Seed germination has been modelled extensively using hydrothermal time (HTT) models, that predict time to germination as a function of the extent to which seedbed temperature, T, and water potential, Ψ, exceed the base temperature, T_b, and base water potential, Ψ_b, of each seed percentile, g. Within a seed population the variation in time to germination arises from variation in Ψ_b(g) modelled by a normal distribution. We tested the assumption of normality in the distribution of Ψ_b(g) by germinating seed of two unrelated species with non-dormant seed (Buddleja davidii (Franch.) and Pinus radiata D. Don) across a range of constant Ψ at sub-optimal T. When incorporated into a HTT model the Weibull distribution more accurately described both the right skewed distribution of Ψ_b(g) and germination time course over sub-optimal T than the HTT based on the normal distribution, for both species. Given the flexibility of the Weibull distribution this model not only provides a useful method for predicting germination but also a means of determining the distribution of Ψ_b(g).     

铅暴露U251细胞差异表达基因及相关通路(The Interrelated Pathways in Brain Human U251 Glioma Cells by Lead Exposure)

为探讨铅对体外培养的人神经胶质瘤U251细胞(human U251glioma cells,U251)暴露后基因表达的变化以及相关基因通路,选用乙酸铅暴露U251细胞.细胞在乙酸铅中暴露8h和24h后提取RNA,使用cDNA芯片分析基因表达情况,芯片扫描结果经归一化处理,设定Ratio值<0.5或≥2.0为表达有差异基因.结果表明,铅暴露U251细胞导致2840条基因差异表达,使用KEGG和BioCarta数据库分析代表性基因网络.结果发现,铅暴露U251细胞导致大量基因差异表达,涉及多个代谢及信号通路,与神经组织相关的主要信号通路有Ca2+信号通路、Jak-STAT信号通路、MAPK信号通路、Wnt信号通路等,还涉及配体-受体、细胞因子相互作用等.这些通路相互联结,构成复杂的网络系统,调控细胞的生物学功能.